EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

WEEK 2

LESSON 5 - EXOGENIC
PROCESSES
Lorna V. Bertulano, RN, MAN, LPT
OBJECTIVES:

1. describe how rocks undergo

weathering;
2. identify the agents of erosion;
and
3. explain how the products of
weathering are carried away by
erosion
ACTIVITY #1

Organize the disordered letters. Describe

each term briefly.
1.
S K O R C
2. E I G N O S U
3.
E I MN D S E T S

4.
NA I OT GD I S I NT E R
5.
P O I C MON I OT S D E
 ACTIVITY #2
Learners will follow the following
instructions:
1. Prepare the needed materials: two
pieces of paper and match.
2. Tear one paper, observe and record
your answer.
3. Burn the other paper (with parent
supervision), observe, and record your
answer.
4. Based on your observation, differentiate
the changes after tearing and burning.
TEARING OF PAPER BURNING OF PAPER
BEFORE BEFORE

AFTER AFTER
EXOGENIC PROCESSES

The processes which occur

on the earth’s surface due to
the influence of exogenic
forces.
EXOGENIC PROCESSES

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Deposition
1. WEATHERING

• WEATHERING is the
process of
disintegration and
decomposition of
rocks.
• Disintegration is a mechanical
process that breaks large
masses of rocks into small
fragments.
• Decomposition is a chemical
process which results in the
formation of new substances
such as from elements to rocks.
 TYPES OF WEATHERING:

1.Mechanical Weathering or
physical weathering cause
rocks to break into small pieces
with each piece retaining the
characteristics of the original.
Factors:
1. Pressure
2. Temperature
3. Frost Wedging
4. Abrasion
5. Organic Activity
6. Human Activities
7. Burrowing Animals
 PRESSURE

Intrusive igneous rocks (e.g. granite) are formed

deep beneath the Earth's surface. They are under
tremendous pressure because of the overlying
rock material. When erosion removes the overlying
rock material, these intrusive rocks are exposed and
the pressure on them is released. The outer parts of
the rocks then tend to expand. The expansion sets
up stresses which cause fractures parallel to the
rock surface to form. Over time, sheets of rock
break away from the exposed rocks along the
fractures.
 TEMPERATURE
• heating of rocks by sunlight or fires
can cause expansion of their
constituent minerals. As some
minerals expand more than others,
temperature changes set up
differential stresses that eventually
cause the rock to crack apart.
 FROST WEDGING

• Put a glass of water in a freezer

and it will break up. Why? This is
because water expands when it
freezes. Take a look at the
diagram below:
2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING

changes in the
composition of rocks due
to chemical reactions.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:

1. Dissolution
2. Hydrolysis
3. Oxidation
1. Dissolution
It occurs in specific minerals which
are dissolved in water examples of
these minerals are Halite and
Calcite. The formation of stalactites
and stalagmites in caves are
brought about by this chemical
reaction.
2. Hydrolysis
Rock-forming minerals like
amphibole, pyroxene, and
feldspar react with water and
form different kinds of clay
materials.
3. Oxidation
It is the response of oxygen
with minerals. If the iron
oxidizes, the mineral in rocks
decomposes. Rusting is an
example of this chemical
reaction.
 2. EROSION

Plants, animals, and humans play an

important role in the erosional process.
Erosion is the separation and removal
of weathered rocks due to different
agents like water, wind, and glacier
that causes transportation of the
material to where they are deposited.
ACTIVITY #3

Answer the following

questions:
1. How do animals cause
erosion?
2. How do human activities
affect the rate of erosion?
 3. Deposition

• The movement of sediments

downslope under the influence of
gravity is called mass wasting. The
example of this are fall, slide,
avalanche, and flow.
• Deposition is the process in which
the weathered materials carried out
by erosion settle down in particular
location.
ACTIVITY #4

Define the type of mass movement.

1. Fall
2. Slide
3. Flow
4. Spread
5. Topple
 I. Multiple Choice
1. The rocks are fractured,
cracked, and broken down into
small pieces. What is the type of
weathering?
A. oxidation
B. physical weathering
C. pressure change
D. chemical weathering
2. Stalactites and stalagmites on
caves are popular attraction. These
were formed through deposition of
calcium carbonate and other
minerals. What type of weathering
occurred during the process?
A. freezing and thawing
B. chemical weathering
C. mechanical weathering
D. thermal and pressure change
3. Which of the following is NOT an
agent of erosion?
A. wind C. rocks
B. water D. glacier
4. Rusting is an example of chemical
weathering. What is the process
involved?
A. pressure-release fracturing
B. dissolution
C. hydrolysis
D. oxidation
5. Which of the following is the
process by which sediments settle
down in a particular area?
A. transport C. weathering
B. deposition D.deformation
II. Write T if the statement is true and F if false.

1. Mechanical weathering is also known as

physical weathering
2. Climate affects the rate of weathering
3. Chemical weathering causes rocks to break
into small pieces with each piece retaining the
characteristics of the original
4. Weathering refers to the changes occurring
at or near the surface of the earth
5. Decomposition is a mechanical process that
breaks large masses of rocks into small
fragments.
 ASSIGNMENT: PERFORMANCE
TASK #6, p.69
Illustrate the agents of erosion and
explain how each of them causes
erosion.
WATER WIND GLACIER

--------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

--------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
--------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
--------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
--------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------