SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY Topic: Mixtures.

Subtopic: Separation of mixtures

(Sublimation and solvent extraction).
 INSTRUCTIONS.
Read the following slides on separation of mixtures and then write
the information in your books.

Follow the instructions given in the powerpoint.

OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the separation of mixtures by methods of
sublimation, centrifugation and solvent extraction
2. Draw diagrams to show the processes of sublimation.
3. conduct investigation of solvent extraction.
SUBLIMATION.
•Some solids do not become a liquid when heated. They instead form a
gas.
•Sublimation is the change of a solid directly into a gas
•When the gas cools it becomes a solid without passing through the liquid
state. The cooled solid is a pure form of the substance and is separated
from the solution mixture.
•Examples of substances that sublimes include iodine, naphthalene
•DRAW DIAGRAM OF SUBLIMATION
HERE.
 CENTRIFUGATION
•Centrifugation involves spinning or rotating
the mixtures at a very fast speed in a machine
called a centrifuge.
•The mixture is poured into a centrifuge tube
and the tube is placed in a holder called a
rotor.
• As the mixture spins at a rapid speed the
solid particles or more dense particles are
forced to the bottom of the centrifuge tube
and the liquid moves to the top.
APPLICATION (USES) OF CENTRIFUGATION.
•Centrifugation is used to separate the liquid plasma from the
solid components of blood.

• The process of centrifugation is also used in the diary

industry to separate the skim milk from the cream
PARTS OF BLOOD MIXTURE
SEPARATED BY CENTRIFUGATION
 SOLVENT EXTRACTION
A substance can be extracted from a mixture by using a solvent in which that
substance alone is soluble.
Example
Solvent ethanol ( alcohol) is used to extract chlorophyll ( green pigments in
leaves) from leaves.

.
 AT HOME EXPERIMENT.
Method:
Get some green leaves from a plant ( use hibiscus)
Chopped green leaves with a knife and pour into a container.
Use blunt instrument ( spoon) to crush leaves
Pour a small amount of white alcohol ( ethanol) in container and continue to crush.
Decant solution.

Questions:
What is the color of the white alcohol?
What was removed from the leaves by using the alcohol?