THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION

AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSION

• identify the goals and scope of communication
• demonstrate comprehension of the principles of
communication
• discuss the core values of communication
• describe the elements and levels of the communication
processes
Communication

■ Called as the most practical of all academic

disciplines.
■ Everyday practice
■ Building knowledge and skills
■ Making us effective and ethical communicators.
■ Came from the latin word communis, which
means common.
Methods of Communication.

■ Verbal communication is communicating with

spoken words. Referred also as oral
communication.
■ Non verbal communication includes body
language.
■ Written communication is a method that uses
written symbols.
Elements of Communication

■ Message is the content of the communicative act

■ Sender decides what is to be communicated, encodes ideas
and feelings into verbal or non verbal symbols.
■ Receiver is also known as the decoder.
■ Channel all message are transmitted through a channel.
■ Feedback refers to the information or signal sent back
to the sender by the receiver. Through verbal or non
verbal means.
■ Context pertains to the setting or environment
surrounding the communication transaction.
■ Noise anything that can distort the message.
■ Effect each communication has its consequences.
Process of Communication

■ Transmission model or the linear model

■ In linear model, communication is considered one way process where
sender is the only one who sends message and receiver doesn’t give
feedback or response. The message signal is encoded and transmitted
through channel in presence of noise. The sender is more prominent in
linear model of communication.
Transmission model or the Linear Model

Shraddha Bajracharya, "Linear Model of Communication," in

Businesstopia, January 6, 2018,
https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/linear-model-communication
■Interactional model
■ The interaction model of communication describes communication
as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and
receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving
feedback within physical and psychological contexts (Schramm,
1997). Rather than illustrating communication as a linear, one-way
process, the interaction model incorporates feedback, which makes
communication a more interactive, two-way process. 
 Interactional Model

https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/chapter/1-2-the-communication-
process/#:~:text=The%20interaction%20model%20of%20communication
%20describes%20communication%20as%20a%20process,contexts
%20(Schramm%2C%201997).
■Transactional Model
■ Transactional model of communication is the exchange of messages between
sender and receiver where each take turns to send or receive messages. Here,
both sender and receiver are known as communicators and their role reverses each
time in the communication process as both processes of sending and receiving
occurs at the same time.
■ The communicators can be humans or machines but humans are taken as
communicators in this article to analyze general communication between humans.
The model is mostly used for interpersonal communication and is also called
circular model of communication.
 Transactional Model

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/transactional-model-
communication#:~:text=Transactional%20model%20of%20communication
%20is,to%20send%20or%20receive%20messages.&text=The%20model
%20is%20mostly%20used,called%20circular%20model%20of
%20communication.
Principles of Communication
■ Communication is dynamic. Communication is always
evolving
■ Communication is unrepeatable and irreversible. Each
communication encounter affects and changes people.
■ Communication has no opposite. We cannot not
communicate.
■ Communication is affected by culture. Culture affects
how people attribute meanings.
■ Communication is influenced by ethics. It
requires that the participants make judgements of
what is right and wrong.
■ Communication is competence based. It is a skill
that needs to be developed.
■ Communication is being transformed by media
and technology.
Goals of Communication

■ To inform and be informed. Through communication

that we seek and provide information.
■ To persuade and influence. We want someone to do
something or to agree with our point of view.
■ To build and maintain relationships. It is through
communication we express love, anger, pain and
pleasure. Without communication it is impossible for us
to reach out.
■ To develop a career. Nowadays a college
diploma is not enough to land a job that you
want. Studies shows that an applicant with
good communication skills has edge when it
comes to getting hired.