CYCLOCONVERTERS

 It is defined as conversion of fixed AC power into variable

AC power with change in frequency.

fo > fs Step up cycloconverter

fo < fs Step down cycloconverter
PRINCIPLE OF SINGLE-PHASE TO SINGLE-PHASE (1 Ф -1 Ф)
CYCLOCONVERTER WITH POWER CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORMS/ STEP-UP
CYCLOCONVERTER
 When the frequency of the output is higher than the frequency of input, then it is called step-up
cycloconverter.
 Fig. 5.8.1 shows the midpoint type step-up cycloconverter.
 . In the positive half cycle, T1 conducts from 0 to t1, hence
output voltage is positive.

 At t1, T1 is forced commutated and T4 is triggered. Hence

load voltage becomes negative as shown in Fig.

 Then at t2, T4 is forced commutated and T1is turned-on

again. Therefore output voltage is again positive.

 At t3, T4 is turned-on and T1 is forced commutated. Hence

output voltage is negative. At п, T3 is turned on.

 Therefore output voltage is positive. At t4,T3 is forced

commutated and T2 is triggered. Hence the load voltage is
negative.
STEP-DOWN CYCLOCONVERTER (OR)
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF 1Ф-1Ф STEP DOWN CYCLOCONVERTER
FOR A BRIDGE TYPE CONVERTER.ASSUME BOTH DISCONTINUOUS AND
CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION CONDUCTION
 In the step-down cycloconverter, the output frequency is less than supply
frequency.
 The midpoint cycloconverter of Fig. 5.8.1 can be operated as step-down
cycloconverter. Fig. 5.8.3 shows the waveforms of this converter.
 These waveforms are shown for highly inductive load with continuous output
current. Output voltage is also controlled by varying the firing angle 'α'.
 Consider that, the period of input supply is T. The period of output is 4T. Four
cycles of supply voltage make one cycle of output. The dotted line shows equivalent
output voltage waveform.
 Thus the supply frequency is divided by four. T1 and T3 are triggered to obtain
Positive cycle of the output voltage. Similarly, T2 and T4 are triggered to obtain
Negative half cycle of the output voltage.
MIDPOINT CYCLOCONVERTER
1 Ф to 1 Ф bridge type cycloconverter
 1 Ф to 1 Ф bridge type cycloconverter

 Output voltage is positive, when SCRs of P-converter are

conducting. Similarly the output voltage is negative
when SCRs of N-converter are conducting.

 The firing angle of the SCRs is varied to control the

output voltage. Above waveforms are shown for step-
down operation.

 Step-up operation is also possible in this converter. Four

cycles of input make one cycle of output. Hence output
frequency is,

fo = 1/To = 1/4T =f/4

1 Ф to 1 Ф bridge type cycloconverter