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  • Preparing Buffer Solutions

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    Stephen S. Ladera
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    Buffer solutions resist pH change by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base. They are prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of a weak acid or base with its conjugate salt. The example shows how to prepare a 0.15 M acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer at pH 5 by calculating the moles of each needed based on their concentrations in stock solutions. The calculations find the amounts of 1 M acetic acid and sodium acetate required to achieve the desired concentrations in 500 mL of buffer solution. A second example prepares a 0.20 M ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer at pH 9.65 by similarly calculating the moles and amounts of each component needed from stock solutions to achieve the target concentrations

    Original Description:

    How to prepare acid and buffer solutions using Hendelson's formula

    Original Title

    Preparation of Buffer Solutions

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    Buffer solutions resist pH change by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base. They are prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of a weak acid or base with its conjugate salt. The example shows how to prepare a 0.15 M acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer at pH 5 by calculating the moles of each needed based on their concentrations in stock solutions. The calculations find the amounts of 1 M acetic acid and sodium acetate required to achieve the desired concentrations in 500 mL of buffer solution. A second example prepares a 0.20 M ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer at pH 9.65 by similarly calculating the moles and amounts of each component needed from stock solutions to achieve the target concentrations

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    152 views8 pages

    Preparing Buffer Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Stephen S. Ladera
    Buffer solutions resist pH change by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base. They are prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of a weak acid or base with its conjugate salt. The example shows how to prepare a 0.15 M acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer at pH 5 by calculating the moles of each needed based on their concentrations in stock solutions. The calculations find the amounts of 1 M acetic acid and sodium acetate required to achieve the desired concentrations in 500 mL of buffer solution. A second example prepares a 0.20 M ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer at pH 9.65 by similarly calculating the moles and amounts of each component needed from stock solutions to achieve the target concentrations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8

    Preparing Buffer

    Solutions
    Buffer Solution

    - resist pH change

    - neutralize small
    amounts

    2
    Types of Buffer
    Buffers

    Acidic Alkaline

    Weak acid Basic salt Weak base Acidic salt

    3
    Overview for Preparation

    03 Addition of distilled water


    until it reach the final
    volume

    Preparation of needed
    amounts
    . 01 02
    Mixing in a solution of 70-
    80% of final volume

    4
    Example
    A 1L stock solution of 1.0 M of acetic ⬢ 
    acid and 500g of sodium acetate is on
    the lab desk. Prepare a 500 mL of
    0.15 M acetic acid-sodium acetate
    buffer with a pH of 5.0. The pKa of
    acetic acid is 4.75.

    ⬢   - + H3O+ ⇆ CH3COOH + H2O


    CH3COO -

     
    x+y = 0.15
    y= 0.15 -x

    5
    Example
    ⬢
    Substitute:
      Find the moles of acetic acid and sodium acetate:
    ⬢ 
    1.7883 =
    x= n 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0.05399 mol/L x 0.5L ≈ 0.02700 mol
    x ≈ 0.05399
    n Na𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂 = 0.09601 mol/L x 0.5L ≈ 0.04805 mol
    Preparation:
    = 0.05399 M 0.02700 mol x 1000 mL/1 mol = 27.0 mL 1.0 M
    ⬢  CH3COOH

    0.04805 mol x 82.0343 g/mol = 3.938 g NaCH3COO


    =
    Mix them in a 400 mL distilled water until it reached

    desired pH then add distiiled water until it reach 500 mL

    6
    Example
    A 500 mL stock solution of 1.0 M of ⬢ 
    ammonia and 300g of ammonium
    chloride is on the lab desk. Prepare
    200 mL of 0.20 M ammonia-
    ammonium chloride buffer with a pH
    of 9.65. The pKb of ammonia is 4.75.

    ⬢   NH3 + H3O +
    ⇆ NH4+ + H2O

     
    x+y = 0.20
    y= 0.20 -x

    7
    Example
    ⬢
    Substitute:
      Find the moles of ammonia and ammonium
    ⬢ 
    2.5119 = chloride:
    x=
    = 0.05695 mol/L x 0.2L ≈ 0.01139 mol
    x ≈ 0.05695
    n NH3 = 0.1431 mol/L x 0.2L = 0.02862 mol

    = 0.05695 M
    ⬢  Preparation:
    0.02862 mol x 1000 mL/1 mol = 28.6mL NH3
    ≈
    0.01139 mol x 53.491 g/mol = 0.609 g NH4Cl

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