Forms and functions

of state and non-

State
⊹ An organized political community acting under a
government and united by common set of laws. It also
uses complete political coerciveness, which may come
in the form of armed forces personnel, stricter laws and
rigid government policies in order to attain its societal
goals and objectives.

⊹ The concept of the state is different from the concept of

government. A government is the particular group of
people that controls the state at a given time.

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State
⊹ The concept of the state is also different from the
concept of a nation, which refers to a large geographical
area and the people therein who perceives themselves as
having a common identity. The state is a political
geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural or ethnic
identity

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Three important political
functions
-Controls over -Allocates resources -Stands as the major
violence and its and rewards at irs of the people under
domain direction its authority

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 Elements of the
state
1 Population, Government, Territory,
and Sovereignity
Population
⊹ Population is the people who make the
state. Population is essential for the state,
without it there can be no state.

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Government
⊹ An organization or machinery or agency
of the State which makes, implements,
enforces, and adjudicates the laws of the
state.

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Territory
⊹ People need territory to live and organize
themselves socially and politically. It may
be remembered that the territory of the
states includes land, water and airspace.

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Sovereignty
⊹ Sovereignty is the basis which the State
regulates all aspects of the life of the
people living in its territory.

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2 Forms of states
Democratic government
Democracy
⊹ A form of government in which the right
to govern is held by the majority of
citizens within a country or a state. The
two principles of democracy are that all
citizens have equal access to power and
that all citizens enjoy universally
recognized freedoms and liberties.

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 Roles of the
3 States
Roles of the States
⊹ States provides security against external
aggressions and war. For this purpose, the
state maintains an army.
⊹ State ensures security against internal
disturbance disorders and crimes. For this
purpose, the state maintains police.

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Roles of the state
⊹ States legally grants and guarantees the
right of the people.
⊹ State issues and regulates currency and
coinage.
⊹ State undertakes steps for the creation of
necessary conditions for the socio-
economic-politico-cultural development
of the people.
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Roles of the state
⊹ State grants citizenship and protects their
interests and rights.
⊹ State conducts foreign relations, foreign
trade and economic relations.
⊹ State secures the goals of national interest
in international relations

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 Non-state
4 institutions
Banks, Corporations, Cooperatives,
Trade Unions, Transactional
Advocacy groups & Development
Agencies
Non-state institutions
⊹ Non-state institutions are people and/or
organization that participate in
international affairs and relations but are
not affiliated with any state or nation.
These non-state institutions are equally
capable of influencing policy formation
and implementation.

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Different forms of non-state
institutions
Banks Corporations
⊹ A financial institutions ⊹ A form of business operation
licensed to provide that declares the business as a
several financial separate entity guided by a
services to different group of officers known as the
types of customers. Board of Directors. They were
Banks are in operation created by individuals,
mainly for their stockholders or shareholders,
deposits and lending with the purpose of operating
functions. for profit.
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Different forms of non-state
institutions
Trade Unions Transactional Advocacy Groups
⊹ Organizations by ⊹ These are particularly visible
workers related fields in contentious areas as human
that work for common rights, environmental issues,
interest of its members. international peace, and
They represent a cluster women’s rights. They have
of workers and provide specific roles to partake that
a link between the can be achieved through
management of workers effective measure case-
specific methods, and
activities. 19
Different forms of non-state
institutions
Development Agencies
⊹ Development agencies have been established to
develop the cooperation between the public sector,
private sector, and civil society. These are
organization with specific aims and goals. These
agencies concentrate on the growth, progression,
and advancement of specific concerns, which can
be infrastructure or social institutions.

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 Interrelationship
of government
and non-state
institutions
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if non-state institutions
interfere with the governing
body:
⊹ Integration ⊹ Conflict and tension
among these two also arise because one
institutions may could exceed the other
take place to in terms of social
achieve precise control and influences.
solution towards
development.

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