REPRODUCTIO

N IN
ORGANISMS
CHAPTER 1: BIOLOGY
DEFINITIONS
Reproduction
 Reproduction is defined as a
biological process in which an
organism gives rise to young ones
(offspring) similar to itself
Life span
Period from birth to
natural death of an
organism
clone
The term clone is used to
describe offsprings which
are morphologically and
genetically similar
individuals
Binary
fission
When a cell divides into
two halves and each
rapidly grows into an
adult
 budding
A small bud is produced due to cell division at one site which
remains attached initially to the parent cell and eventually gets
separated and matures into a new individual
 Encystation
During unfavourable conditions the Amoeba withdraws its
pseudopodia and secretes a three layer hard covering or cyst
around itself. This phenomenon is termed as encystation.
 Sporulation
When favourable conditions return, the encysted Amoeba divides by
multiple fission and produces many minute amoeba or
pseudopodiospores, the cyst wall bursts out, and the spores are
liberated in the surrounding medium to grow up into many amobae,
This is known as sporulation.
 Fragmentation
In some organism , if the body breaks into distinct pieces
(fragments) each fragment grows into an adult capable of
producing offspring (eg;- Hydra)