Stepper

Motor
 GROUP 4
DJT30022 AUTOMATION AND ROBOTIC IN
AGRICULTURE
NAME : AMMAR HIDAYATULLAH BIN ZULKARNAIN

NO MATRIC : 04DPT20F1019

LECT NAME:ASPALILA BINTI AWANG

 What is an AC
Motor?
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts
electrical pulses into discrete mechanical
movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in
discrete step increments when electrical command
pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors
rotation has several direct relationships to these
applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is
directly related to the direction of motor shafts rotation.
 Stepper Motor Advantages and
Disadvantages
Advantages
1. The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse.
2. The motor has full torque at standstill (if the windings are energized)
3. Precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good stepper
motors have an accuracy of 3 – 5% of a
step and this error is non cumulative from one step to the next.

Disadvantages
1. Resonances can occur if not properly controlled.
2. Not easy to operate at extremely high speeds.
Open Loop Operation

One of the most significant advantages of a stepper motor is its ability to be

accurately controlled in an open loop
system. Open loop control means no feedback information about position is
needed. This type of control eliminates
the need for expensive sensing and feedback devices such as optical encoders.
Your position is known simply by
keeping track of the input step pulses.
Stepper Motor Types

There are three basic stepper motor types. They are :

• Variable-reluctance
• Permanent-magnet
• Hybrid

Figure 1. Cross-
Principle of a PM or Cross-section of Principle of a disc
section of a
tin-can a hybrid magnet
variable-reluctance
stepper motor. stepper motor. motor developed by
(VR) motor.
Portescap.
Stepper Motor Types and Construction The performance of a stepper motor

— both in terms of resolution (or step size), speed, and torque — is influenced by
construction details, which at the same time may also affect how the motor can be
controlled. As a matter of fact, not all stepper motors have the same internal structure
(or construction), as there are different rotor and stator configurations.
Rotor
For a stepper motor, there are basically three types of rotors:
Permanent magnet rotor: The rotor is a permanent magnet that aligns with the magnetic field
generated by the stator circuit. This solution guarantees a good torque and also a detent torque.
This means the motor will resist, even if not very strongly, to a change of position regardless
of whether a coil is energized.

Stator
The stator is the part of the motor responsible for creating the magnetic field with which the
rotor is going to align. The main characteristics of the stator circuit include its number of
phases and pole pairs, as well as the wire configuration. The number of phases is the number
of independent coils, while the number of pole pairs indicates how main pairs of teeth are
occupied by each phase.
Stepper Motor Uses and Applications

Due to their properties, stepper motors are used in many applications where a
simple position control and the ability to hold a position are needed, including:

Robots: Arms, End 3D Printers: XY Table Video Cameras: Pan, Tilt,

Effectors Drive, Media Drive Zoom, Focus
 conclusion
The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor
shafts rotation.
The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the
input pulses and the length of
rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.
Thank youu !!!!