Group 8

ARI JUBAYET
RIYA AZMERY AKHTER
ANIK ASHIKUR RAHMAN
CASE STUDY 1
Aranya community housing

Aranya Community Housing (slideshare.net)

ARANYA COMMUNITY HOUSING

Architect – Vastu-Shilpa foundation, Balkrishna Doshi

Client - Indore Development Authority
Project Associate - Mr. Himanshu Parikh
Structural Engineer - M/s Stein Doshi & Bhalla, New Delhi Project
Engineers - Environmental Engineering Consultants, Bombay
Total Built - up Area -100,000 m2
Project Cost - Rs. 100 Million
Year of completion - 1989
Award - Aga Khan award for
Architecture in 1996

PROJECT HISTORY
In 1980’s 51,000 families were homeless/ illegal settlements. Indore
Development Authority initiated a project to solve the problem.
Previous schemes included ready built houses that took a lot of time and
not affordable by the low income groups.
SITE LOCATION
Indore , India
Site surroundings

Aranya community
Housing
o Delhi-Mumbai highway on the east
o Internal city roads to the north, south and west.
o Approach through the Delhi – Mumbai highway
o The site is flat with no major physical features, except a natural
rainwater channel that runs diagonally across the south-west corner.
o Square in plan the site measures approximately 1 km by 1 km
o The site and the rest of the city has a 2-2.5-metrethick top strata of
evenly deposited black cotton soil, expansive clay with some
organic content Delhi bombay
highway
DESIGN OBJECTIVE

o Improve and upgrade the existing slum area

o Provide serviced sites for new housing developments instead of
building complete houses.
o Provide for 6,500 residential plots ranging in size from 35m2 for
Economically Weaker Section (EWS) to 475m2 for high income
groups.
o Create a township with a sense of continuity and fundamental
values of security in a good living environment.
o Achieve a community character by establishing harmony
between the built environment and the people.
o Create a balanced community of various socio - economic
groups to evolve a framework through design.
CONCEPT

o Slum development project

o Inspiration from existing slum settlements in
Indore
EVALUATION OF MASTER PALN

STAGE 1:
STAGE 2: STAGE 3: STAGE 4:
Plan initially prepared by Indore
Initial stage of BV Doshi’s proposed Later stage of development with Proposed master plan with interlinked
Development Authority which shows a
plan with distributed open spaces and rectified orientation to minimize open spaces, built form variations,
typical rubber stamping attitude
street hierarchies. heat gain and increase natural distributed amenities, road network
without any concern for open space
shading. hierarchies and climate friendly
hierarchy, circulation system, climatic
orientation
orientation or the built form.
MASTER PALN

100’ 200’ 300’

PLANNING

Land use distribution

o The master plan was divided into 6 sectors with a central spine area
of commercial and institutional land use.
o The town center in the middle of the spine consisted of four clusters of
100’ 200’ 300’
shopping, residential and office complexes.
o At the end of the spine, two more clusters of social functions were
located. This was a mixed- use zone with a five storey building
PLANNING

LOWER INCOME GROUP

MIDDLE INCOME GROUP

HIGH INCOME GROUP

o The high income group (HIG – 9 %), is along the periphery of

the national highway and part of the south -east border of the
arterial road in the south .
o The Middle Income Group (MIG – 14 % ) is planned along the
periphery of arterial roads on the north -west sides and part on
the south arterial road along the part of spine .
100’ 300’
o The Lower Income Group (LIG – 11 % ) and the EWS 200’

(65 % ) are located in the middle of all 6 sectors.

FIGURE GROUND MAP

BUILT FORM OPEN SPACES

ACCESS TO AMMENITIES( in minutes)

10 MIN

COMMERCIAL
NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER
SECTOR
PLAYGROUN
7 MIN D

SECTOR
ROAD CENTRAL
FACILITIES
5 MIN
PRIMARY
SCHOOL
3 MIN

HEALTH GREEN
CARE SPACE

SECONDARY
SCHOOL

PUBLIC
SQUARE
ROAD NETWORK

Road width

Road within
sectors

Sector level
roads

Central Spine

Highway

o Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic

o Offsets break visual monotony
o Hierarchy is based on the volume of the
traffic and activities. City roads
o The roads suit human scale 100’ 200’ 300’
o Use of cul-de-sacs to avoid traffic
ROAD NETWORK

o Vehicular access in the form rectilinear and

formal roads in the hierarchy of 4.5 m wide
to 15 m wide road draw the vehicles
outwardly.
o Pedestrian access in the form of informal Principal road network (7-9m) Community facilities (4-5m)
interlinked open spaces draws people
inwardly.
o This achieves a clear and safe
segregation of vehicular and pedestrian
movements

Definition spaces Distribution of plots

Road Network

100’ 200’ 300’

Access points
Pedestrian network
CIRCULATION NETWORK

Having breathing spaces

in between

Play areas for the young,

provide space for temples
or platforms for small
gathering.
Hierarchy of open spaces

SPACE POCKETS AROUND INTERLINKED OPEN SPACES IN THE SYSTEM OF OPEN SPACES IN THE SECTOR
DWELLINGS TOWN LEVEL LEVEL
Typology of open spaces

3. NODAL POINTS

1.GREENS/PATHWAYS 2.SERVICE SLOTS 4.PUBLIC SQUARES

 HOUSING UNIT
ANALYSIS

o Houses have been clustered in groups of 10, separated by open space.

o Each sector has a main pedestrian street.
o Otta, a traditional zone, is provided in front of each house varied houses with
which is located between private and public spaces. backyards (private open
o Otta are provided as a meeting place or interactive place. spaces)
o A septic tank is provided between 2 clusters. A housing plan
included two rooms and a living area followed by a kitchen.
o Lavatory was constructed between the front extension and the
melty use courtyard at the back.
o Most houses were provided with an a additional access at the back,
which allowed for keeping animals, a vehicle or even renting out part
of the house to provide income.
o For interaction of families an otta (an important feature of the Indian
home) when completed will be sensitive to the lifestyle and daily
needs of individuals with the freedom to integrate indoor and outdoor
spaces with privacy within and from outside the homes, by designing
optional plan
DWELLING ( EWS HOUSING)

o For the EWS the options of core housing included-

• Site, plinth and service core (latrine and water tap)
• Site, plinth and service core (latrine and bath)
• Site, plinth and service core (latrine and bath) and 1 room (kitchen).
o For other income groups only plots were sold.
o A verandah or house extension helped in expanding the small
EWS houses and enhanced the space quality.
o A transition zone of 0.5 meters between the street and house
was provided.
o Permissible house extensions such as platforms, porches, and open
stairs were built which created an interesting street character
VARIATIONS OF HOUSE FORM(incremental growth)

1 room set on ground floor with toilet Addition of a hall transforming 1 Addition of a separate kitchen and
Transformation of first floor one room set into 1BHK
block protruding in the backyard. room set into a 1BHK unit. another 1 room set on first floor.
making the whole unit a 2BHK

addition of spaces over time as expected by the designers in order to accommodate the increasing family sizes.
ARRANGEMENT OF SPACES

Form variation

o A house plan included 2 rooms and a living area, followed by

a kitchen and a lavatory which was constructed between the
front extension, with a multi-use courtyard at the back.
o Most of the houses were provided with an additional access
at the back, which also provided space for keeping animals, a
vehicle or even renting out a certain part of the house. Flexible layout
ANALYSIS OF PLANS

o The units are dense, and space is achieved

through verticality and opening rooms to one FLOOR PLAN (3 HOUSES)

another without separating them by doors.

o Though the units are attached, this is nit
designed as each dwelling has its own
entrance and stairs, giving a sense of
belonging and ownership to the dwellers.
o Majority of the spaces are used as
private areas, and not all the units have
living area/public place. FURTHER DEVELPOMENT
ANALYSIS OF PLANS

o The privacy in the units is minimum since in all units

there is no lobby and one enters directly into the
private area.
o No space has been wasted, and maximum use of
space is achieved by providing optimum spacing for
circulation.
o This has been done by minimizing the partitions
and doors between the rooms.

Cluster plan

Elevation
MATERIAL

o Conventional and locally available building materials and

construction techniques were adopted.
o The structures were constructed with load bearing
brick walls.
o Walls were plastered and painted.
o Floors were cement concrete.
o The CRC roof was always constructed at a later stage
because it was a high investment item.
o The black cotton soil of the site necessitated pile
foundation even for simple and 2- storey buildings.
o Low cost hand made under reamed CRC piles were
built for the core house (latrine, wash room) and the
residents were provided with ready built foundations.
o The doors, windows, and grills were made on site by all
of the residents who made it their role.
o Railings, parapets and cornices were made to ornament
the house.
CRITICISM

o Ironically, the physical infrastructure at Aranya is functioning poorly

o residents have to collect water daily from taps in the street
o storm drains frequently back up,and wild pigs are a main
form of garbage disposal.
o Yet the healthy communications infrastructure (within the
courtyards) that has developed in these difficult conditions
demonstrates the power of bottom-up development to reveal rapidly
changing societal values.
Andrews Ganj Housing

Location: Andrews ganj, New Delhi

Architect: SK Das
Area: 36 acres
Unit: 962
Area of each unit: 1076 sqft
Density: 49 dwelling per acres
Concept: Housing through appropriate technology
MASTER PLAN:

ORIENTATION AND MICRO-CLIMATE

•The architects have designed the housing complex as introvert in

nature, keeping the climate and the surroundings in mind.

•The pattern, scale and orientation of the pedestrian streets and the
location of the internal open spaces, which serve as the community
gatherings spaces and are shaded by trees and shrubs this depicts the
architects response to harsh composite climate of Delhi.

FORM/SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

•The housing consists of four stories building blocks in row.

•The housing complex is introverted in nature.

•The central spines acts like linkages to the site through streets.

•The courtyard in-between the built acts like landscape green with
pathways and sit outs.
MASTER PLAN:

CIRCULATION SYSTEM:
Clarity of movement: The Structure of the Complex is clear but, one can’t
visualize the whole building completely. The linkage to house is from
internal streets and walkways.

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION:

The pedestrian streets are the main circulation spines which collect
pedestrian and terminate them at the nodal points. i.e. parking and
residential private courts.

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION:

The road network is peripheral and internal thus to maintain the traffic free
area within the complex, the vehicular parking is on the periphery;
presently the pedestrian walk way is also used as the vehicular access.
Pedestrian circulation
Vehicular circulation

Peripheral circulation
Parking
SOLID-VOID MAP

Solid 45%

Void 55%

Built area 45%

45%

55%
ACHIEVED DENSITY:

One hundred and eighty units on the south east corner of the site
measuring 3.97 acres have been accommodated.

The area of the each unit is approximately 1076 sq. feet.

The density achieved is 49 dwelling units per acre.

The south east corner

The south east corner Central entrance The North west corner
courtyard.
NUMBER OF UNITS :

The density achieved is 49 dwelling units per acre.

(3.97 acresx49) = 195 units

The units are grouped in a cluster of five blocks around a central

entrance courtyard, which is open on one side forming an
integral enclosed larger central open space, which is used for
active and passive activities.
PROXIMITY OF AMENITIES:

1.Five blocks around a Central entrance courtyard, which is open on one side
forming an integral enclosed larger central open space, which is used for active
and passive activities.

2 .The floors of the units are staggered to create large Open to sky terraces on all
floors except the top floor, which gets a central courtyard open to the sky .

3 .The blocking of the units has been closely knit together maximizing sharing of
Open to sky terraces
the walls and creation of Positive usable spaces .

4 .In The landscaped areas Small and intensive used spaces are paved for case of
maintenance while the larger spaces are turfed . Landscape

5 .The entrance of the units is from private side streets and also from the parking
area .
6.Lockable scooter garages one for each unit is provided under the ground floor
units adjacent to the Central entrance courtyard.

7.Compact grouping of housing units has resulted in Minimal amount of negative

spaces.

8.Small unpaved spaces have been planted with ground covers.

9.Flowering shrubs and trees have been used to replace seasonal flowers so that
the area looks green all the year round and minimizes the maintenance.

10.Rainwater from rooftops and paved area has been harvested back into the
ground water system.

11.Within the housing Cluster provision has been made for children’s play area,
sitting and recreation areas for elders, a milk booth and provision of a crèche for
Central entrance courtyard Landscape Small unpaved Open to sky
children. spaces terraces
PROXIMITY OF AMENITIES:

INTERNAL OPEN SPACES Open space works on the hierarchy as one entre the
central spine and enhances he elements of surprise for the visitor.

Lockable scooter garages one for each unit is provided under the ground floor
units adjacent to the Central entrance courtyard.

Internal Open space

Parking
PROXIMITY OF AMENITIES:

PRIVATE OPEN SPACES Balconies of each units looking at the central court,
Terraces provides outdoor space for sleeping in summers and serves for drying
clothes and places to bask in winters.

Balconies of each units Balconies

looking at the central court
PROXIMITY OF AMENITIES:

SEMI-PRIVATE OPEN SPACES Entry at the staircase at the internal court

provides opportunities for social interaction.

The staircase at the internal court The staircase

The staircase
Unit details :

The density achieved is 49 dwelling units per acre.

(3.97 acres x49) = 195 units

Cluster of 5 blocks
Area of each unit: 1067 sqft
Common courtyard

Cluster Layout :

▪ Common courtyard
▪ Cluster housing entailing several common wall

▪ External door & Window jaalis

▪ Minimum circulation area

Stair and circulation

Service
Balcony & terrace
ELEVATION

Balcony

Service

Living room
BUILDING MATERIALS :

ACC (autoclaved aerated concrete) Brick, Concrete blocks,

ceramic tiles, vitrified tiles, glass, rcc, steel

FAÇADE

Acc (autoclaved aerated concrete)

1.Improved thermal efficiency.
2.Fire resistant
3.Minimizes the generation of solid waste during use.
4.Less embodied energy.
FINDINGS

Andrews ganj Housing

• Government accommodation. Same size apartment.

• Pedestrian streets are main circulation spines.

• Cluster of 5 blocks. Inner courtyard.

• Situated at center of Delhi. Main road is directly connected.

• Central green space used by residents.

• Courtyard, visually connected veranda encourage social interaction

• Built with local material. Courtyard collects rain water.

• Introvert in nature. Open spaces are shaded by trees and herbs.

CASE STUDY 3
Hudco Housing
 Hudco Housing

Project architect: Anand Mansantosh

Shirgaokar
Client: Neemuch development trust &
Hudco, new delhi.
Year ofcompletion:February 1989
Architect: Charles corea

Background of the project: “Neemuch” a small

district of madhaya Pradesh in central india is a remote
corner of this state. It has a summer maximum and
winter temperature of 33c and 23c respectively apart
from a moderate rainfall. It’s a mixed development of
low-rise, high-density, row and cluster housing aimed a
mixed income- population.
 Conceptual aspects:

The challenge here is to achieve a greater sense of

community and yet establish an equilibrium
between function and amenities without being
wasteful. It aims at optimal use of land and building
resources for the creation of an appropriate
environment well suited to the socio- cultural life
style of the eventual users.
Row and cluster housing are developed with
common walls. Privacy is achieved by the angular
placement in rows and unparalleled rows across
roads and pathways, in the process Creating linear
open spaces and interlocking community areas. All
houses are provided with front and backyards.
Dwellings at the first floor level are given access
from an outside stair and they can avail of an open
terrace.
PROXIMITY OF
AMENITIES:

Row and cluster housing are developed with

common walls. Privacy is achieved by the angular
placement in rows and unparalleled rows across
roads and pathways, in the process Creating linear
open spaces and interlocking community areas. All
houses are provided with front and backyards.
Dwellings at the first floor level are given
access from an outside stair and they can avail
of an open terrace.
Master Plan
This courtyard
housing is connected
with internal
pedestrian roads
leading to some open
green spaces

Green area

Road Connectivity

Built Area
Solid Void Map

Aproaximately 70% of
the site is solid and 30%
is void with green open
spaces connected with
pedestrian road.Every
clusters are angularly
placed to achieve privacy
between the pedestrians
and houses

Solid space(70%)
Void space(30%)
Connectivity
The site has 5 acces
point from the
main roads to the
enternal pedestrian
roads.The
pedestrian roads
are well connected
with every clusters

Access point

Pedestrian circulation
• Number of units: 335
Building type: residential
Per unit costs: RS.20k-60k
Housing type:low-cost
The project contains 3 types of building cluster

Type- A cluster layout Type-B cluster Layout Type-C cluster Layout

Type- A cluster layout Type- B cluster layout Type- C cluster layout

Ground Floor Plan

Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan First Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Section
Elevation of Different Types of Clusters
Building materials

Rubble and limestone slabs - are

indigenous to the region and
have been used for centuries. As
a result the locals are well
versed in their usage. The stones
and slabs came from a quarry
about 20 kilometres from the
site and were used cut and
dressed to various specified
sizes depending on anticipated
usage. The method of
construction was very similar to
that used for pre-cast concrete,
but in a natural form, and did
not require any sophisticated
equipment. All work was done
manually on the site