READING AND

WRITING SKILLS
PREPARED BY: MS. JOANNE D. CRUZ
DEFINING READING
Reading is a cognitive process of decoding symbols
to derive meaning from a text.
It is always an interaction between the text and the
reader.
Reading is also a skill that can be improved through
consistent practice.
APPLYING
EFFECTIVE
READING
STRATEGIES
GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF
THE TEXT
1. Previewing –means looking at the readily visible parts of
the text, like titles and subtitles, and also visual and
graphs, pictures, and charts.
2. Skimming – the text means you look for the main point
of the reading and identify the ideas that develop it.
3. Scanning – the reading is looking for specific
information.
USING CONTEXT CLUES
1. Synonyms – are used when the text has words or phrases
that are similar in meaning to the unknown word.
Examples:
a. Humpty Dumpty took great pleasure in obfuscating the
poem’s meaning for Alice. His explanations about the
poem were confusing and complicated.
b. The narrator in the poem was euphoric at his son’s
victory, for he cried out triumphantly when the boy came
home.
2. Antonyms –An antonym is a word that reveals the opposite the meaning in
relation to the unknown word.
Examples:
a. The Jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by the boy, unlike the other who
gave up easily when they heard how terrifying the creature was.
b. The hero in the poem did not give in to trepidation; rather he bravely
slayed Jabberwock with his sword.

3. Examples – Examples are specific details in a text that are used to clarify
the meaning of a word.
Examples:
c. There are many eccentric creatures in the forest, such as mome raths and
borogoves.
d. Only a few weapons are truly nifty in hunting monster, like the vorpal
sword.
4. Explanations and Definitions – Explanations may be given as clues to
describe and unknown term. Definitions may follow an unfamiliar word.
Examples:
a. Hearing someone outgrabe- which means he is whistling, bellowing,
and sneezing all at once- can be a funny sight.
b. Alice thought that toves were curious creatures, since they were part-
badger, part-lizard, and part corkscrew.

5. Situations – The situation in which a word is used can also be helpful in

determining the meaning of that word.
Examples:
c. The boy wondered if he should have brought some back up, in case he
could not take on the Jobberwock himself.
d. The hero’s conquest of the Jobberwock is an exemplary case of bravery.
USING CONNOTATION AND
DENOTATION
 Connotation is the positive, negative, or neutral feelings, attitudes,
ideas, or associations with a words.
 Denotation is the basic, precise, literal meaning of the word that can
be found in a dictionary.
Example:
Father
Denotation: a male parent.
Connotation: -association: positive
-feelings: love and respect
EXAMPLE
Home
House
Shanty
-THE END-