CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)

THE FACTS

COVID-19 is caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory

syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
• It belongs to a large family of coronaviruses.
• It was initially called 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
• The first cases were identified in people with pneumonia in
Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

As this virus is new, we are learning more all the time,

and what we know now may change.

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CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Most people are being infected • Travellers have brought the virus into other
from other people. countries after which it spread to their contacts.
• A sick person expels droplets • Originally the virus probably spread from a
when they cough, sneeze, or talk. “reservoir” in animals in the Wuhan live animal
People can get infected when market, to people.
these droplets enter the nose,
eyes or mouth.
• Touching contaminated objects
puts the droplets onto your
hands from where they can enter
your nose / eyes / mouth.

Direct Indirect
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CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of COVID-19 include:

Fever Sore Cough Shortness Muscle Diarrhea

throat of breath aches

Symptoms may appear within 14 Seek immediate medical attention

days of probable exposure. Monitor if you think you have been
your health. exposed or develop symptoms.
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CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
TREATMENT

How is it treated?
There is no specific treatment
• Patients receive supportive care to relieve
symptoms and prevent complications
• Severe cases require hospitalisation
• No vaccine

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CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
PREVENTION
Avoid potential exposure. Ensure good hygiene
measures and safe food practices. Do not share food, drinks
and personal items.
Maintain good personal hygiene.
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
• Use an alcohol-based sanitiser when soap and water
are not readily available.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes. Use a tissue or your
upper sleeve. Immediately throw the tissue in a bin
and wash your hands.
• Avoid touching your face – (eyes, nose and mouth) –
especially if you have touched objects handled by
many people (such as handrails, door handles).

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CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
ADDITIONAL PREVENTION MEASURES
• Keep away from people who are sick
– don’t let them cough or sneeze on you.
• Avoid activities where you are likely to be
exposed to large groups of people.
• When in public areas, as much as possible,
keep 1-2 metres distance from other people.
• Get the flu shot – this will reduce the risk of
seasonal flu and possible.
• Do not travel if you are sick.
Note that some locations have implemented screening, and
travellers may face quarantine and testing.

Anyone who has any symptoms even if only mild

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 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Case Definitions
Suspected COVID 19 Case
• Any person, alive or dead, suffering or having suffered from a sudden onset of high fever and having had contact with a
suspected, probable or confirmed Ebola case, or a dead or sick animal, OR
• Any person with sudden onset of high fever and at least three of the following symptoms:
• headache, fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches, diarrhea

Probable COVID 19 Case

• Any suspected case evaluated by a clinician, OR
• Any person who died from ‘suspected’ COVID 19 and had an link to a confirmed case but was not tested and did not have
laboratory confirmation of the disease

Confirmed COVID 19 Case

• Any suspected or probable cases with a positive laboratory result
 r classification of close contact (for use in contact questionnaires)-
Health worker contact: any social or health worker who provided direct or indirect personal or clinical care, or examination of a symptomatic or asymptomatic confir
D-19, or who was within the same indoor space when an aerosol-generating procedure was implemented.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Household contact: any person who has resided in the same household (or other closed
) as the primary COVID-19 case.
Contact Definitions
Contacts are defined as all individuals who are associated with some sphere of activity of the case
and may have similar or other exposures as the case. Contacts can include household members,
other family contacts, visitors, neighbors, colleagues, teachers, classmates, co-workers, social or
health workers, and members of a social group.

Close contact: Any person who had contact (within 1 meter) with a confirmed case during their
symptomatic period, including 4 days before symptom onset.
Note that contact does not have to be direct physical contact

Health worker contact: any social or health worker who provided direct or indirect personal or
clinical care, or examination of a symptomatic or asymptomatic confirmed case of COVID-19, or
who was within the same indoor space when an aerosol-generating procedure was implemented.

Household contact: any person who has resided in the same household (or other closed setting)
as the primary COVID-19 case.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Contact Traceability Process
• Any person considered to have had a potential COVID 19 exposure and meeting the
Contact definition criteria must complete the Contact Listing Questionnaire.
• Information should be collected about:
• A contact’s relationship to the case
• Date of last interaction
• Type of interaction
• Answers must be as accurate and honest as possible

Please complete the Asia Screening Questionnaire COVID-19 V1.5 MALAYSIA form
handed out by the medic and COVID 19 Exposure Contact Questionnaire