Department of Education

National Capital Region

10 S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE

MARIK INA CITY

ENGLISH
Third Quarter – Module 2
Writing Techniques in Informative,
Persuasive and Argumentative Texts

Writer: Myriam R. dela Cruz

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino

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 What I Need to Know
Good day learners of the English language! In this lesson, you
are going to learn how to:

Use a variety of informative, persuasive and argumentative writing

techniques. (EN10WC_111h-13)

Moreover, in this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice

activities that will help you to:

1. distinguish the three types of writing techniques: informative, persuasive

and argumentative;
2. determine the writing techniques for each type of text; and,
3. employ appropriate techniques to develop a paragraph.

What I Know

Answer the following questions. Select your answers from the

options provided after each item.

1. What is the purpose of a persuasive text?

A. to convince you to have the same position with the writer
B. to describe how a scene might look in a novel
C. to provide clear facts about something
D. to defend a point of view

2. A cooking recipe is an example of which type of writing?

A. Persuasive B. Informative C. Argumentative D. Descriptive

3. The writer cited his arguments as well as his counter argument to an opposing
view.
A. Persuasive B. Informative C. Argumentative D. Expository

4. The writing style which the author used to convey his message or to achieve
the purpose of his text is also called_____________.
A. Writing technique C. Text
B. Symbols D. Persuasion

5. Each text type has a specific writing technique.

A. True B. False C. Sometimes D. Seldom

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 Lesson Writing Techniques in Informative,
1 Persuasive and Argumentative Texts

What’s In

Before you start with this module’s lesson, remember what you have
learned about an argumentative essay. Accomplish the graphic organizer by
filling out the basic parts of an argumentative essay. Some items are given as
clues.
BASIC OUTLINE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
I. Introduction
A. Background Information about the issue
B. 1)___________________

II. Body
C. Reason 1 with 2)______________
D. 3)_____________with evidence
E. Opposing view and 4)____________________

III. Conclusion
F. Restatement
G.5)____________________

This module will further acquaint you not only with the
argumentative essay but also with other types of essays. You are enjoined
to put your full concentration in order to be familiar with the various writing
techniques in developing different types of texts/essays.

What’s New
Let us start the lesson by reading these three texts/excerpts
related to COVID-19.

TEXT 1
The best way to beat your enemy is to be familiarized with it. At present
time, this statement is very applicable. A new enemy named COVID-19 has
been attacking mankind. The best way to prevent and slow down
transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the diseases
it causes and how it spreads. According to World Health Organization,
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by a
newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus
will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without
requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical
problems like cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer
are more likely to develop serious illness.

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TEXT 1 continuation
To be protected from infection, frequent washing the hands or rubbing of
alcohol and not touching your face are highly recommended. The COVID-19
virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose
when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also
practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).

TEXT 2
Despite the unglamorous inconveniences we experience with
wearing masks, there are a lot of reasons why wearing mask is a very vital
health protocol. Whenever we mask our nose and mouth, we protect
ourselves and others too from infection. An infected person may or may not
manifest symptoms of COVID-19 so mask will ensure that there will be no
transfer of virus from one to another. Moreover, we don’t know the health
condition of anyone near us. If the person happens to have existing diseases
like cancer or diabetes, then they should not acquire the virus because
their immunity is weak. Also, our health care like doctors and nurses, being
front liners are very much exposed to the carriers of virus and so they
should be protected by mask. Will you not cringe in fear if you find out that
the doctors themselves are the ones infected? Who will treat the sick people
if doctors become COVID-19 cases? We want our community to thrive,
businesses to open and employees to be healthy so we can go back to the
old normal life we used to enjoy. With these reasons, I am enjoining you to
wear your mask regularly and properly!

TEXT 3
COVID-19, which has proven to have serious, life-threatening
complications has affected us mentally, economically and socially.
Stopping this pandemic requires using all the tools available such as social
distancing, wearing of mask and face shield and frequent hand washing.
However, these health protocols are not enough to stop the virus from
spreading. Vaccination is the best tool to stop the pandemic. Vaccines will
work with the immune system so it will be ready to fight the virus once a
person is exposed. Even if the herd-immunity threshold is not reached,
every additional person vaccinated is a person who would not be spreading
virus. A person exposed to less virus is also a person less likely to get sick,
to go to the hospital, or to die. Unfortunately, there are people who refuse
to be vaccinated. They think that vaccine is not safe and effective because
of the different controversies attached to it. They may have reasons to be
doubtful; however, they should realize that these vaccines underwent
clinical trials and must first show they are safe and effective before any
vaccine can be authorized or approved for use. Thus, COVID-19
vaccination is the best tool to build protection.

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 Let’s analyze each excerpt taken from different essays by answering
these questions:

1. What is the topic of each text?

Text 1: ________________________________________
Text 2: ________________________________________
Text 3: ________________________________________

2. In the first text, what do you think is the writer’s purpose?

What did the writer state in the essay to achieve his purpose?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3. In the second text, what do you think is the writer’s purpose?

What did he state to achieve his purpose?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4. In the third text, what do you think is the writer’s purpose?

What did he state to achieve his purpose? Is there any
statement that opposes his claim? How did he address it?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5. What type of text is Text 1? How about Text 2? Text3?

Text 1: ________________________________________
Text 2: ________________________________________
Text 3: ________________________________________

What Is It
The three texts presented to you in What’s New showed varied writing
techniques. The first text is an informative text, the second is a persuasive
text and the third is an argumentative text.

What is a writing technique? A writing technique is a style an author

uses to convey his message in a manner that is effective and meaningful to
the readers. Authors use different writing techniques to fit their purposes
for writing. Understanding the different types of writing techniques is
important because you will need to change your style of writing to make a
connection with your audience.

A. Informative essay educates readers on a topic. They can have one

of several functions: to define a term, compare and contrast
something, analyze data, or provide a how-to. They do not,
however, present an opinion or try to persuade your reader.

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 Here are the various writing techniques in an informative text:
1. Make the information interesting - Good writers spark their readers’
interest through memorable quotations, compelling examples, vivid
details, strong explanations, and interesting word choices.
2. Get the facts straight when working with sources, when paraphrasing,
when using examples, or when relating details, you have to be accurate
and precise.
3. Organize information. The manner by which information can be
organized depends on the information the writer is imparting. It can be:
Facts and Statistics, Cause and effect, Definition and examples, Listing
of ideas, Sequential

B. Persuasive Writing contains the author’s opinions and biases as

well as reasons. When an author writes in a persuasive style, he
is trying to convince the readers of a position or belief.

The following are various writing techniques in a persuasive text:

1. Balance of fact/statistics and emotional content- Make facts and

statistics up if necessary, but keep them believable.

2. Make opinions sound as if it is fact. Use the imperative form of the verb.
This encourages the reader to support your stand.

3. Use language to stir up emotions in your reader. Make them feel guilt,
sympathy, anger, excitement etc., by choosing your words carefully.

4. Involve the reader and make them think about the issue.

5. Influence the readers by intentionally presenting only one side of the

arguments. (bias)

C. Argumentative Writing is a writing style in which the author

presents the arguments of both sides of the issue. It could be that
both sides are presented equally balanced or it could be that one
side is presented more forcefully than the other. The purpose of
the author is to present a case before the readers in a convincing
manner.

The following are various writing techniques in an argumentative text:

1. Have a focus or emphasis. Perhaps you have three to five good reasons for
your position. When using this technique, you present one reason as being
the strongest and most important, and you spend more time developing
and emphasizing it.

2. Acknowledge the other person's argument, and try to overcome it with

counterarguments of your own. This technique is effective because it
communicates that you understand both sides of the issue. It makes you
sound more credible and knowledgeable on the topic, and therefore more
believable or convincing.

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 What’s More
Do the series of practice exercises below to enable you to develop
paragraphs in varied ways according to your purpose of writing.

Activity 1.
Read again these texts. Find out the authors’ writing techniques by
filling the blanks or answering the questions. You can refer to the notes in
the What is it part of this module.
1. ________________ 2.___________________
INFORMATIVE TEXT
The best way to beat your enemy is to be familiar with it. At present
time, this statement is very applicable. A new enemy named Covid 19 has
been attacking mankind. The best way to prevent and slow down
transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it
causes and how it spreads. According to World Health organization,
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly
discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring
special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems
like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer
are more likely to develop serious illness. To be protected from infection,
frequent washing the hands or rubbing of alcohol and not touching your face
are highly recommended. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through
droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs
or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for
example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).
3. What manner of organization did the writer use to present the information?
____________________________________

PERSUASIVE TEXT 4. _______________ 5. ____________________

Despite the unglamorous inconveniences we experience with mask,

there are a lot of reasons why wearing mask is a very vital health protocol.
Whenever we mask our nose and mouth, we protect ourselves and others too
from infection. An infected person may or may not manifest symptoms of
COVID-19 so mask will ensure that there will be no transfer of virus from one
to another. Moreover, we don’t know the health condition of anyone near us.
If the person happens to have existing diseases like cancer or diabetes, then
they should not acquire the virus because their immunity is weak. Also, our
health care like doctors and nurses, being front liners are very much exposed
to the carriers of virus and so they should be protected by mask. Will you not
cringe in fear if you find out that the doctors themselves are the ones infected?
Who will treat the sick people if doctors themselves are carriers of the virus?
Eventually, we want our community to thrive, businesses to open and
employees to be healthy so we can go back to the old normal life we used to
enjoy. So with these reasons, I am enjoining you to wear your mask regularly
and properly!
6._____________________
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4. Is the writer biased with the use of mask? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
COVID-19 19, which has proven to have serious, life-threatening
complications has affected us mentally, economically and socially. Stopping
this pandemic requires using all the tools available such as social distancing,
wearing of mask and face shield and frequent hand washing. However, these
health protocols are not enough to stop the virus from spreading. Vaccination
is the best tool to stop the pandemic. Vaccines will work with the immune
system so it will be ready to fight the virus once a person is exposed. Even if
the herd-immunity threshold is not reached, every additional person
vaccinated is a person who not be spreading virus than. A person exposed to
less virus is also a person less likely to get sick, to go to the hospital, or to die.
Unfortunately, there are people who refuse to be vaccinated. They think that
vaccine is not safe and effective because of the different controversies attached
to it. They may have reasons to be doubt however, they should know that
these vaccines underwent clinical trials and must first show they are safe and
effective before any vaccine can be authorized or approved for use. Thus,
COVID-19 vaccination is a safer way to help build protection

8.__________________________

Activity 2.
Analyze the following texts. Put a check if the writing technique is present in
each text. Write a specific answer when asked.

The internet is a one-stop shop of information and communication. The

web gives students access to a tremendous amount of research from the
comfort of school or home. For example, if students want to know about
fashion, they can easily go to a search engine and find all of the resources they
could possibly want or need on the topic. Next, the internet allows instant
communication with access to everything from email to Skype. Students who
have access to the web can communicate with parents and friends during
breaks, resolving issues or letting parents know about a schedule change.
Finally, the internet will train students to compete in the highly-competitive
and technologically-savvy world. Clearly, the internet has made life
instantaneous and convenient.

The informative text:

_____ 1. made the information interesting using strong explanations, and
interesting word choices.

_____ 2. presented the facts straight when working with sources, when
paraphrasing, when using examples, or when relating details.

_____ 3. organized information appropriately.

_____ 4. How did the author organize the information in the informative text?

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 I told mother that I prefer money over packed meal for my baon. One
reason is that a packed lunch is no longer warm during recess time unlike the
freshly-cooked food served in the canteen. Another reason is that I find it a
hassle to bring my food container to the canteen and back to my bag after
eating. It is much convenient for me to just use the utensils in the canteen
and leave the clearing ang washing to the canteen crew. Also, I intend to save
up from my baon because I am planning to buy something from my savings
later. Most importantly, I am relieving my mother of the time and effort she
needs to spend in preparing my packed lunch. How about you? Do you also
want to have a chill student life without having to worry about food spilling in
your bag?

The persuasive text:

1._____presented balance of fact and emotional content
2._____made opinion sound as if it is a fact
3._____used language to stir up emotions in your readers to make readers
feel the same way as the writer
4._____involved the readers and made them think about the issue by using
pronouns “you and we”
5._____presented only one side of the arguments (bias) to influence the
readers’ belief

Parents, doctors, and media-effects researchers say that online games are
destructive. They accuse online games of distracting students from
schoolwork. There are many reported cases of students missing their classes
just to play video games. These students tend to become rough and aggressive
because the kind of virtual games they are addicted to are too violent.
Although there is no actual person to person contact when they fight,
undesirable traits are also developed in them like trash talking and
insensitivity to other’s feelings. Most of all, video games addiction can be
hazardous to health. Players tend to be so engrossed in winning the game that
they already missed their meals and even the call-of-nature, not to mention
the eye strain and lack of movements as they are glued to the computer table
for long hours. Defenders of computer games counter that the games do have
positive aspects. They note that the games help improve eye-hand-brain
coordination, develop reasoning, and improve perception of space. They may
be true at some point, but these positive aspects can only be achieved if
playing online games is done in moderation.

The argumentative text:

______1. presented one reason as being the strongest and most important, and
spent more time developing and emphasizing it. (Focus/Emphasis)
______2. acknowledged the other person's argument, and tries to overcome it
with counterarguments of his own.

Activity 3.
Read each statement given on the first column. On the second column,
identify whether the type of text is informative, persuasive or argumentative. On
the third column, specify the writing technique/s you will use to develop each into
a paragraph. The first three items are given as examples.

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 SENTENCE TAKEN
FROM A PARAGRAPH
1. The Department of
Environment and
Natural Resources
(DENR) said that
PM2.5, a micro particle
matter that causes
hazardous smog, was a
major pollutant.
2.Social media is not
good to people because
it endangers a person’s
privacy and safety.
3.Finally, online learning
is better than modular
because teacher and
students are able to
communicate in real time
set up. Even without
leaving their homes,
learning experience is
attained through virtual
engagement via video
conferencing.
4.Some are opposing the
idea of sex education to
be taught in schools
because of morality
issue; however, it is
believed that sex will be
better understood by
young people if it will be
explained in a more
formal way as part of the
curriculum.
5.Will you allow these
greedy businessmen,
relaxing in their soft beds
to continue gaining
money from illegal
logging while we, the poor
ordinary citizen are
slowly sinking to death
due to the massive
flooding caused by
quarrying even during an
ordinary rain?
6.These are the steps to
follow in making your
Facebook account to
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
TYPE OF TEXT WRITING
TECHNIQUES TO BE
USED
informative Give accurate and precise
information by citing the
exact source in the DENR
(the person or official of
DENR who made the
claim)
persuasive Use of the phrase not good
and endangers a person’s
privacy and safety sounds
like a fact but is actually
an opinion.
argumentative
Present the strongest and
the most important
argument at the last as
hinted by the transition
word finally and the writer
focused on developing it
lengthily.
____________ ______________________
______________________
______________________
__________________
____________ ______________________
______________________
______________________
__________________
____________ ______________________
______________________
______________________
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private setting. __________________
First…Second…Next..
And.. finally..
7.With 2,288 COVID-19 ____________ ______________________
cases, being the highest ______________________
since November 2020, do ______________________
you think it is wise to __________________
ease up the quarantine
classification in the
Philippines?
8.When you post ___________ ______________________
everything about you in ______________________
social media, you can be ______________________
bashed, you can be __________________
stalked and your identity
can be used in crime.
Thus, you should not
allow social media to
control your everyday life.

What I Have Learned

Express what you have learned by answering these three questions.

1. What is the difference among informative, persuasive, and

argumentative writing?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. What is a writing technique?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. What are the various writing techniques for each text type:
informative, persuasive, and argumentative?
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Showcase your understanding of the lesson by answering the

assessment activity. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. If you want to convince the readers of the benefits of being a

plantita/plantito, what type of text will you write? ______________

2. What information should be given in an informative text to make

the writer and the text credible? ____________________

3. When the writer involves the readers to think/feel the same as

he is, the writer is writing what kind of text? ________

4. The mention of opposing view with the writer’s rebuttal or refute

to the opposing view is used in what kind of text? __________

5. The paragraph starts with the sentence Pets should be allowed in school
for a number of reasons. What organization should the writer use as a
writing technique? ______

Additional Activities

Read and understand the informative text below. Use the

information given to convince your fellow students to follow the
instructions given in the text. You can present it in a manner you
think will be interesting to read. You can choose from the following
options:
a. Campaign poster
b. Comic strip
c. Blog
d. A persuasive or argumentative text
e. A brochure of leaflet

Criteria:
Visual Appeal- 5
Content- 10

Informative text:
1How many times have you experienced reading an assigned material

and finding yourself thinking about the Kdrama you want to watch or
becoming excited about your much-awaited get together with your buddy on
the weekend? 2Your attention has been diverted to something else more
interesting. 3You ended up dropping the material and decided to continue with
whatever you are engrossed with.

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 4Everyone will agree if I say that reading requires a lot of focus and
concentration. 5Here is a four-step method which can help you prevent your
mind from wandering while reading. 6First, before you attempt to read
anything, look over the length of the material to see if you have time to read
it: if not, mark a spot where you intend to stop. 7Second, read the title and the
first paragraph, looking for the main idea of the article. 8Next, read the
boldface headings, if there are any, and the first sentence of each paragraph.
9And finally, read the last paragraph, which will probably contain a summary

of the material. 10By doing this, you condition your mind to 'accept the
material you want to read, and thus reduce mind-wandering.

Posttest

I. DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. In an informative text, the writer may cite the source of information in order
to prove that the text is ______________.
A. popular B. factual C. interesting D. detailed

2. Which of the following organization of ideas is not applicable when using

transitions like first…second…last ,
A. Focus C. Listing of ideas
B. Procedure D. Order of events

3. Why is necessary to have a balance of fact and opinion when writing a

persuasive text?
A. To meet the required number of words for the essay
B. To support the opinion with factual evidence to successfully convince
readers
C. To be impressive as a writer
D. To involve the readers to comment/argue about the writer’s stand

4. Argumentative and persuasive texts are somewhat alike because both of them
present a claim and support such claims with reasons.
A. True C. Not likely
B. False D. It depends upon the purpose

5. In an argumentative essay, a writing technique in which the writer mentions

an opposing view should be followed with a statement _________________
A. to bash the opposing view C. to refute the opposing view
B. to support the opposing view D. to conclude the essay

6. In this type of text, the writer should not include his personal opinion about
the topic/issue. What type of text is this?
A. Informative C. Argumentative
B. Persuasive D. None of the choices

7. In this type of essay, the writer is biased about his stand.

A. Informative C. Argumentative
B. Persuasive D. None of the choices
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II. DIRECTIONS: Give your idea about what an extended family is and what it
conveys. Then, write a paragraph about it. You can choose to write an informative,
persuasive, or argumentative text. Remember to choose only ONE (1) text type. Be
sure to apply the various writing techniques applicable to your paragraph.

Your paragraph will be graded based on the following items:

• Appropriate use of writing techniques --------- 8 pts
• Organization/Coherence-------------------------- 3 pts
• Language Use--------------------------------------- 2 pts
• Total-------------------------------------------------- 13 pts

Title: EXTENDED FAMILY

References

1. Information about Covid 19

https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-
benefits.html
2. Information about persuasive writing
https://austudent.elevateeducation.com/cms_uploads/docs/au/4.-
pursuasive-techniques.pdf
3. Information about argumentative text
https://www.alamo.edu/siteassets/sac/about-sac/college-
offices/writing-center/argumentative-techniques.pdf
4. Image of recycling campaign poster
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+campaign+poster+about+
recycling&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiBjLGH3oDvAhWZzYsBHWwRB-
oQ2

Answer Key

mask
3. To convince the readers to wear mask by enumerating the benefits of wearing
prevented
2. To give information by explaining the how contagious Covid is and how it can be
Text 3- Benefits of Vaccine
Text 2- Benefits of Wearing Mask
1. Text 1- Information about Covid
WHAT’S NEW
5. A 5. CALL TO ACTION
4. A 4. COUNTER ARGUMENT
3. C 3. REASON 2
2. B 2. EVIDENCES
1. A 1. HOOK
WHAT I KNOW WHAT’ IN
Argumentative Texts
QUARTER 3-MODULE 2: Writing Techniques in Informative, Persuasive and

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
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4. To convince the readers to be vaccinated. There is a statement that opposes his
claim but the writer answered the opposing view with a counter argument vaccine
is safe because it underwent clinical trial
WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1
1. Good writers spark their readers’ interest with interesting statement
2. Gathered information from reliable source-WHO
3. Enumeration or listing of ideas
4. Make opinion sounded as if it is fact.
5. Use language to stir up emotions in your reader.
6. Involve the reader and make them think about the issue, use of we and us instead
of I, me
7. The writer is very biased because he only mentioned the reasons for his claim
8. Acknowledges the other person's argument, and tries to overcome it with
counterarguments of his own.
Activity 2
Informative-NO 1 and 3 should be checked
Persuasive- all items should be checked
Argumentative-all items should be checked
Activity 3
1. Argumentative- acknowledges opposition but gives a counter argument
2. Persuasive- uses language that stirs the anger of the readers and involves them in
the problem to make them affected too
3. Informative- information is organized appropriately using transitions
4. Informative- cites source to show credibility of information
5. Persuasive-balance of fact and opinion
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Informative essay educates readers on a topic your reader. Persuasive Writing
contains the author’s opinions and biases as well as reasons. Argumentative
Writing is a writing style in which the author presents the arguments of both
sides of the issue.
A writing technique is a style an author uses to convey his message in a manner
that is effective and meaningful to their audience.
5.
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Myriam R. dela Cruz (MHS)

Editor: Cyril P. Santos (SEHS)
Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS – English)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino (SRNHS)

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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City of Good Character
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