Al Huson University College

Chemical Engineering department

Experiment# 1and2
Density and viscosity

Prepared by
Eng. Ali Al Jarrah
Objective
• Determine the density and
viscosity for different liquids.
Theory (density)
• Mass Density () is defined as mass per unit volume.
m
=
V
• Weight density () is defined as weight per unit volume.
m g
= = × g
V
• The specific gravity (S) or relative density of a fluid is defined
as the mass of a given volume of a fluid divided by the mass of
the same volume of water.
 liquid
S=
 water
• Specific volume (Vs) is the reciprocal of mass density.
1
Vs =

Theory (viscosity)
• The viscosity of a fluid is its resistance to flow
• Dynamic viscosity (μ): Absolute viscosity - coefficient of
absolute viscosity - is a measure of internal resistance.
• Kinematic viscosity (ʋ) is the ratio of - absolute (or dynamic)
viscosity to density
Units of density and viscosity
 effect of temperature and pressure
on density

The density of a liquid

(water) will change with
temperature and pressure
as follow
 effect of temperature and pressure
on density
The density of gas will change with temperature and
pressure as follow (Air)
 effect of temperature and pressure
on viscosity
The viscosity of gas and liquid will change with
temperature as follow.
 effect of temperature and pressure
on viscosity
The viscosity of gas will change with temperature as
follow.
Measuring density
• The density can be measured using either
hydrometer or pycnometer
Measuring viscosity
• The viscosity can be measured using either Ostwald
viscometer (for light liquid) or falling sphere
viscometer (for heavy liquid).
Results (density)
• Fill the following table:
Vs
Liquid type
Units g/cm³ kg/m³ Dyne/cm³ N/m³ **** cm³/g m³/kg

Diesel              

Water              

Kerosene              

Engine oil
Results (viscosity)
• Fill the following table:
 
Liquid types

Water 998      

Ethanol 799      

Glycerin 1260      

Motor oil 891      

,,