Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction

C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient

DNA:

What are the factors that affect the

rate of a reaction?
 Temperature

 Concentration (pressure)

 Surface area

 Catalyst
 The effect of CONCENTRATION on the rate of a reaction
Q. Describe the effect of concentration (of a solution) on the rate of a
reaction.
As the concentration of the solution increases the rate of reaction increases.
Q. Explain the effect of increasing the concentration of a solution on the rate
of a reaction.
As the concentration of a solution increases the number of particles
increases in a fixed volume. The particles will be closer together. Therefore,
there will be more successful collisions per second.
The graph above shows volume of carbon dioxide given off over time in a
reaction between calcium carbonate (marble chips) and excess dilute
hydrochloric acid. Curve A represents a higher concentration of acid. Notice
that curve A has a steeper gradient than curve B and it levels off before
curve B. Both factors indicate a faster rate of reaction.
If the acid is not used in excess the amount of product produced can be
affected, as well as the rate. Notice that the red curve, showing the reaction
with half the concentration of acid has a less steep slope and levels off after
the blue curve. The volume of product is half of the original reaction.
The effect of CONCENTRATION on the rate of a reaction
Q. Describe the effect of concentration (of a solution) on the rate of a
reaction.
As the concentration of the solution increases the rate of reaction increases.
Q. Explain the effect of increasing the concentration of a solution on the rate
of a reaction.
As the concentration of a solution increases the number of particles
increases in a fixed volume. The particles will be closer together. Therefore,
there will be more successful collisions per second.
The graph above shows volume of carbon dioxide given off over time in a
reaction between calcium carbonate (marble chips) and excess dilute
hydrochloric acid. Curve A represents a higher concentration of acid. Notice
that curve A has a steeper gradient than curve B and it levels off before
curve B. Both factors indicate a faster rate of reaction.
If the acid is not used in excess the amount of product produced can be
affected, as well as the rate. Notice that the red curve, showing the reaction
with half the concentration of acid has a less steep slope and levels off after
the blue curve. The volume of product is half of the original reaction.
 The effect of PRESSURE on the rate of a reaction The effect of SURFACE AREA on the rate of a reaction
This applies to reactions in which molecules collide and react in the gas Key term: A heterogeneous reaction is one in which the reactants are in
phase. more that one phase; for example a solid and a gas, or a solid and a
solution
Q. Describe the effect of Q. Describe the effect of increasing the surface area of a solid on the rate of
a reaction.
pressure of a gas on the rate As the surface area of the solid increases the rate of the reaction increases.
of a reaction.
As the pressure of a gas
increases the rate of the
Q. Explain
reaction the effect of increasing the pressure of a gas on the rate of
increases.
a reaction.
As the pressure of a gas increases the distance between the gas
particles will be less (they are closer together). Therefore, there will be
more successful collisions per second.

NOTE: Only collisions between the gas/liquid particles and the particles on
the surface of the solid can result in a reaction

Q. Explain the effect of increasing the surface area of a solid on the rate of a
reaction.
As the surface area of the solid increases the more solid particles that are
exposed to the other reactant (liquid or gas). Therefore, there will be more
successful collisions per second.

The curve for high pressure has a steeper gradient and levels off
before the curve for low pressure. Both factors indicate a faster rate of
reaction.
Changing the pressure has almost no effect on reactions in the solid or
liquid state. This is because the volumes of solids or liquids changes
very little when they are put under pressure, so their particles do not
move closer together
 Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction
C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient

Quick check

1. Which of the following is a possible unit for rate of reaction?

A.m/s
B. cm3/s
C. cm3

2. Which of the following would affect the amount of product

being produced?
A.Using lumps instead of powder
B. Increasing the concentration of an acid that is in excess
C. Increasing the mass of solid used (limiting reagent)
 Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction
C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient

Quick check

3. Which of the following will increase the frequency of

successful collisions?
A.Increasing the concentration of a solution
B. Decreasing the pressure of a gas
C. Decreasing the concentration of a solution

4. Which of the following has the smallest surface area to volume ratio?
A.Powder
B. Strips
C. Lumps
 Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction
C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient

Quick check

5. Which of the following statements explains why an increase in the acid

concentration, increases the rate of reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid?

A. The reaction is faster because the reacting particles have more kinetic energy
B. The reaction is faster because there is more reacting particles
C. The reaction is faster because the reacting particles have more space

Extension: Write down 3 things you know about catalysts

Do now:
 Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction
C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient
Extra Practice Questions
The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate the rate of reaction between
calcium carbonate and an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid. The mass of the flask
and contents is measured at regular time intervals. The graph shows the results
obtained.

Question
The experiment is repeated using
• the same mass of identical calcium carbonate lumps
• the same volume of hydrochloric acid but of a higher
concentration
Sketch on the graph the curve that would be produced.
The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate the rate of reaction between
calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid. The mass of the flask and contents
is measured at regular time intervals. The graph shows the results obtained.

Question
The experiment is repeated using
• the same mass of identical calcium carbonate lumps
• the same volume of hydrochloric acid but of a higher
concentration
Sketch on the graph the curve that would be produced.
The graph shows the volumes of carbon dioxide given off when marble chips are reacted with
hydrochloric acid in five different experiments. Curve A shows the volume of carbon dioxide
given off when some marble chips are reacted with an excess of 1.0 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric
acid.

(a) (i) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if half
the mass of marble chips is used with excess of the acid. (2)
The graph shows the volumes of carbon dioxide given off when marble chips are reacted with
hydrochloric acid in five different experiments. Curve A shows the volume of carbon dioxide
given off when some marble chips are reacted with an excess of 1.0 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric
acid.

(a) (ii) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the
reaction is performed at a lower temperature, with the same mass of marble chips
and excess of the acid. (2)
The graph shows the volumes of carbon dioxide given off when marble chips are reacted with
hydrochloric acid in five different experiments. Curve A shows the volume of carbon dioxide
given off when some marble chips are reacted with an excess of 1.0 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric
acid.

(a) (iii) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the
marble chips are replaced by the same mass of powdered marble chips and excess
of the acid.
 Title: Effect of Concentration, Pressure and Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction
C Grade: Describe the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
B Grade: Explain the effects of concentration, pressure and surface area on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw curves on a graph to show the relative rate of a reaction
KWs: successful collision, gradient

Self Assessment Plenary

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