DIFFERENTIAL

CALCULUS
ENGR. ROAN N. MAMBA

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 ′= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 1 )= 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
(−2 , 3) (3 , 3)
2
𝑦 =𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 3 (−1.303 , 0) (2.303 , 0)

𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
0= 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 𝑎=1 ; 𝑏=−1 ; 𝑐=− 3
(0 , −3) (1− 3)

− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 −(−1)± √(− 1) − 4(1)(−3)

2 2
𝑥= =
2𝑎 2 (1)
1± √13
𝑥= 𝑥=2.30 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1.303
2

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 3

∆ 𝑦=1

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 −1 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∆ 𝑥=1

∆𝑦
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
(1− 3) ∆𝑥
𝑓 ′ ( 1 ) =2 ( 1 ) −1
1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
1
𝑓 ′ ( 1 ) =1 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=1

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 3

∆ 𝑦=− 1

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 −1 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∆ 𝑥=1

∆𝑦 (0 −3)
′ 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
𝑓 ( 0 )= 2 ( 0 ) − 1 ∆𝑥
−1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
𝑓 ′ ( 0 )=− 1 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 1

𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=−1

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
(3 , 3)
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
∆ 𝑦=5
y 9 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 3

∆𝑦
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
∆𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 −1 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∆ 𝑥=1
5
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
(0 −3) 1
𝑓 ′ ( 3 )=2 ( 3 ) − 1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=5
𝑓 ′ ( 0 )=5 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
(−2 , 3) (3 , 3)
2
𝑦 =𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 3 (−1.303 , 0) (2.303 , 0)

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 − 1
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=0 h𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=0
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

() ()
2
0=2 𝑥 −1 1 1 ( 12 , −3 14 )
𝑦= − −3
2 𝑥=1 2 2
1 1
𝑥= 𝑦 =−3
2 4
RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 3+ 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application (−2 , 5)

(2 ,5)

𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 +2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3
(−1 , 2)

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0 5 2 -3 -4 5 30 (−3 , 0)

𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠
𝑦 =( 𝑥+3 ) ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 )
(0 , −3)
0=( 𝑥+3 ) ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 )
2

(1 ,− 4)
0=( 𝑥+3 ) 0= ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 )

𝑥=−3

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 3+ 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application (−2 , 5)

(2 ,5)

𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 +2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3
(−1 , 2)

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0 5 2 -3 -4 5 30 (−3 , 0) (1.618 0)
(−0.618 0)

𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
0= ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 )
2 𝑎=1 ; 𝑏=−1 ; 𝑐=−1
(0 , −3)

− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 −(−1)± √ (− 1) − 4(1)(−1)
2 2 (1 ,− 4)
𝑥= =
2𝑎 2(1)
1 ± √5
𝑥= 𝑥=1.61 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 0.618
2

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 3+ 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 +2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0 5 2 -3 -4 5 30 ∆ 𝑦=3

∆ 𝑥=1 ∆𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 2+ 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
∆𝑥
3
′ 2 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
𝑓 ( 1 ) =3 ( 1 ) +4 ( 1 ) − 4 1

(1 ,− 4) 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=3
𝑓 ′ ( 1 ) =3 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 3+ 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 +2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0 5 2 -3 -4 5 30

∆ 𝑦=− 4
∆𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 2+ 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
∆𝑥
−4
′ 2 (0 , −3) 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=
𝑓 ( 0 )= 3 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 ) − 4 ∆ 𝑥=1 1

𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=− 4
𝑓 ′ ( 1 ) =− 4 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

RNM2014
 graph of 𝑦 =𝑥 3+ 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3

Derivative Application
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
( −2 , 5 )
h𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=0
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 +2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 − 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0 5 2 -3 -4 5 30

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 2+ 4 𝑥 − 4
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=0
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
0=3 𝑥 2+ 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑎=3 ; 𝑏=4 ; 𝑐=− 4
h𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=0
−4 ±8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏2 − 4 𝑎𝑐 − ( 4 ) ± √ ( 4 ) − 4 ( 3 )( − 4 ) − 4 ± √ 64
2
𝑥=
𝑥=
2𝑎
=
2(3)
=
6
6 ( 23 , − 4 1273 )
2
𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2
3

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=0 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒=0

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 (2,7)

𝑦 =−2 𝑥 2+ 8 𝑥 − 1
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡

+𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
′
𝑦 =− 4 𝑥+8

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑦 ′ =− 4 𝑥+8=0 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 ( 𝑥=1.5) 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡 ( 𝑥=2.5)

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= − 4 𝑥+8 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =− 4 𝑥+8
4 𝑥 =8 𝑓 ′ ( 1.5 ) =− 4(1.5)+8 𝑓 ′ ( 2.5 ) =− 4( 2.5)+ 8

𝑥=2 𝑓 ′ ( 1.5 ) =−6+ 8 𝑓 ′ ( 2 .5 )=− 10+8

2 𝑓 ′ ( 1.5 ) =2 𝑓 ′ ( 2 .5 ) =−2
𝑦 =− 2 ( 2 ) +8 ( 2 ) − 1
+𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑦 =7
RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 =3 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 −5
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡
− 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 +𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥 −6

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 (1 ,− 8)

𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥 −6=0 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 ( 𝑥=0) 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡 ( 𝑥=2)

𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=6 𝑥 − 6 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=6 𝑥 − 6
6 𝑥=6 𝑓 ′ ( 0 )= 6 ( 0 ) − 6 𝑓 ′ ( 2 ) =6 ( 2 ) − 6

𝑥=1 𝑓 ′ ( 0 )=0 −6 𝑓 ′ ( 2 ) =12 − 6

2 𝑓 ′ ( 0 )=− 6 𝑓 ′ ( 2 ) =6
𝑦 =3 ( 1 ) − 6 ( 1 ) − 5
− 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 +𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑦 =− 8
RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 =3 𝑥 2+15 𝑥+ 24
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡
− 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 +𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥+15

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
′
𝑦 =6 𝑥+15=0 (−2 12 , 5 14 )
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 ( 𝑥=−3) 𝑟𝑖𝑔h𝑡 (𝑥=− 2)
6 𝑥=−15 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=6 𝑥+ 15 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=6 𝑥+ 15
𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )= 6(− 3)+15 𝑓 ′ ( − 2 ) =6 (−2)+15
−5 1
𝑥=
2
=− 2
2 𝑦 =3 ( ) ( )
−5 2
2
+ 15
−5
2
+24 𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )= − 18+15

𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )=−3
𝑓 ′ ( − 2 )=− 12+15

𝑓 ′ ( − 2 )=3
21 1
𝑦= =5 − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 +𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
4 4

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35 𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45=0 𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑎=3 ; 𝑏=− 6 ; 𝑐=− 45

− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏2 − 4 𝑎𝑐 − ( − 6 ) ± √ ( −6 ) − 4 ( 3 ) (− 45 ) 6 ± √ 576 6 ± 24
2
𝑥= = = 𝑥=
6
2𝑎 2 (3) 6
𝑥=5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
x -3 5
( −3 ,116 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(5 , −140)
y 116 -140
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ( y =116) 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑦 =−140)

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 ′= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 ′ ′= 𝑓 ′ ′ (𝑥) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥1 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
𝑦 ′ ′ <0
𝑦 =−2 𝑥 2+ 8 𝑥 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 : 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛

𝑦 ′ =− 4 𝑥+8

𝑦 ′ ′ =− 4

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

′ 𝑦 ′ ′ =− 4
𝑦 =− 4 𝑥+8=0 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 :
𝑦 ′ ′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
4 𝑥 =8
𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 :
𝑥=2 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
2
𝑦 =− 2 ( 2 ) +8 ( 2 ) − 1 ( 2,7 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑦 =7
RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
𝑦 ′ ′ >0
𝑦 =3 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 −5 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 : 𝑢𝑝

𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥 −6

𝑦 ′ ′ =6
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
′ 𝑦 ′ ′ =6
𝑦 =6 𝑥 −6=0 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 :
𝑦 ′ ′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
6 𝑥=6
𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 :
𝑥=1 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑝
2
𝑦 =3 ( 1 ) − 6 ( 1 ) − 5 ( 1 ,− 8 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑦 =− 8
RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
𝑦 ′ ′ >0
𝑦 =3 𝑥 2+15 𝑥+ 24
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 : 𝑢𝑝
𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥+15

𝑦 ′ ′ =6
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑦 ′ =6 𝑥+15=0 𝑦 ′ ′ =6
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 :
6 𝑥=−15 𝑦 ′ ′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
−5 1 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 :
𝑥=
2
=− 2
2 𝑦 =3( ) ( )
−5 2
2
+ 15
−5
2
+24 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑝

21
𝑦 = =5
4
1
4
( 1 1
2 4 )
−2 , 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35 𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45 𝑦 ′ ′ =6 𝑥 −6
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45=0 𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑎=3 ; 𝑏=− 6 ; 𝑐=− 45

− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏2 − 4 𝑎𝑐 − ( − 6 ) ± √ ( −6 ) − 4 ( 3 ) (− 45 ) 6 ± √ 576 6 ± 24
2
𝑥= = = 𝑥=
6
2𝑎 2 (3) 6
𝑥=5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
x -3 5
( −3 ,116 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(5 , −140)
y 116 -140
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ( y =116) 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑦 =−140)

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35 𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45 𝑦 ′ ′ =6 𝑥 −6

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
x -3 5
( −3 ,116 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(5 , −140)
y 116 -140
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
′′
𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 6 𝑥 −6 𝑦 ′ ′ = 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 6 𝑥 −6
𝑓 ′ ′ ( −3 )=6(− 2) −6 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 5 ) =6 (5)− 6
𝑓 ′ ′ ( −3 )=− 18 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 5 ) =2 4
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 : 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 :𝑢𝑝
( −3 ,116 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ( 5,−140 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑢𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑝

𝑦 ′ ′ = 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 0 ( −3 ,116 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 :
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 − 45 𝑥 +35

𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥 − 45

𝑦 ′ ′ =6 𝑥 −6 ( 1,− 12 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦 ′ ′ =6 𝑥 −6=0 𝑦 =(1)3 − 3 ( 1 )2 − 45(1)+35

6 𝑥=6 𝑦 =1 −3 − 45+35 𝐶 𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑥=1 𝑦 =−12
( 5,−140 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡h𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑎¿ 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑡 :
𝑖 . 𝑥=− 3
𝑖𝑖 . 𝑥=4
𝑏¿ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 :
𝑖 . 𝑥=− 4
𝑖𝑖 . 𝑥=1
𝑐 ¿ 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑖 .𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑖𝑖.𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝑦 ′ =15 𝑥 2+30 𝑥 − 225

𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30

𝑎¿ 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑡 :

𝑖 . 𝑥=− 3 𝑖𝑖 . 𝑥=4
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =15 𝑥 2 +30 𝑥 −225 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =15 𝑥 2 +30 𝑥 −225
2 2
𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )=15 ( − 3 ) +30(− 3)− 225 𝑓 ′ ( 4 )= 15 ( 4 ) +30( 4) − 225

𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )=135 − 90 −225 𝑓 ′ ( 4 )=2 40 +120 −225

𝑓 ′ ( − 3 )=− 180 𝑓 ′ ( 4 )=135

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝑦 ′ =15 𝑥 2+30 𝑥 − 225

𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30

𝑏¿𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 :
𝑖 . 𝑥=− 4 𝑖𝑖 . 𝑥=1
𝑦 ′ ′ = 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 30 𝑥 +30 𝑦 ′ ′ = 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 30 𝑥 +30

𝑓 ′ ′ ( − 4 )=30 ( − 4 ) +30 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 1 )= 30 ( 1 )+ 30

𝑓 ′ ′ ( − 4 )=−120+ 30 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 1 )= 30+30

𝑓 ′ ′ ( − 4 )=− 90 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 1 )=6 0

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 : 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 :𝑢𝑝

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝑦 ′ =15 𝑥 2+30 𝑥 − 225

𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30

𝑐 ¿ 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
′ 2 𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑦 =15 𝑥 +30 𝑥 −225=0 𝑎=15 ; 𝑏=30 ; 𝑐 =−225

− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 − ( 30 ) ± √( 30 ) − 4 (15 ) (− 225 ) −30 ± √ 14,400 − 30 ± 120

2 2
𝑥= = = 𝑥=
30
2𝑎 2(15) 30
𝑥=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 5
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 3 ) =30 ( 3 )+30 𝑓 ′ ′ ( −5 )=30 ( − 5 ) +30
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 3 ) =120 𝑓 ′ ′ ( −5 )=−120
𝑐 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝑢𝑝 𝑐 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝑦 ′ =15 𝑥 2+30 𝑥 − 225

𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30

𝑐 ¿ 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑖 .𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑖.𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑐 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝑢𝑝
𝑥=−5 𝑥=3
𝑦 =5(− 5)3+15 (−5)2 − 225(− 5)− 200 𝑦 =5(3)3 +15 (3)2 − 225(3) −200

𝑦 =−625+ 375+1125 −200 𝑦 =135+135 −675 − 200

𝑦 =675 𝑦 =−605
(−5 , 675) 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (3 , −605) 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

RNM2014
Derivative Application
𝑦 =5 𝑥3 +15 𝑥 2 − 225 𝑥 −200

𝑦 ′ =15 𝑥 2+30 𝑥 − 225

𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30

𝑐 ¿ 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦 ′ ′ =30 𝑥 +30=0
𝑦 =5(− 1)3 +15 (− 1)2 − 225 (−1)− 200
30 𝑥=−30
𝑦 =−5+1 5+225 − 200
𝑥=−1
𝑦 =35
(−1 , 35) 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

RNM2014
End

RNM2014