III

Basics of network analysis

Power Network Modeling

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

 Approaches in solving network are:

 Admittance Model: Voltage source and branch impedances

Impedance Model: Current sources and branch admittance

Za is Branch or Primitive
Impedance
The Admittance Model
4 NODE EQUATIONS

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

5

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

6

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

7 Y-bus of the system

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

8 Separating out the entries of a bus

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

9

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

10

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

11

Power system Analysis Dr Ashraf Yahya

Building blocks or storage matrices

 For a branch element Ya connected between two nodes(bus) ‘m’ and ‘n’

 For a branch admittance connected between a node ’m’ and reference node
Transforming to Admittance Model
Exercise: Construct Y-bus by Inspection
Exercise: Construct Y-bus by synthesis of
storage matrices ( Building block Algorithm)
Inclusion of Mutually coupled branches in Y-
bus
 Parallel lines with mutual inductive coupling
 Refer primitive equations developed for two mutually coupled branches (Article 2.2)
As the flux linkages are given by

Where flux linkages of coil-1 due to current

The mutual flux linkages of coil -2 due to current is,

Similarly the mutual flux linkages of coil-2 due to current and
mutual flux linkages of coil-1 due to current are

Hence the total flux linkages of coil-1 and 2 are given by

The voltage drops across each coil are (considering flux linkage
are also varying with time)

In phasor form, if the voltage drop due to varying flux linkage is

accounted for and inductive voltage drop (which is +90 w.r.t
resistance voltage drop)

Let,
;
;
Then in matrix form, the voltage equations can be written as:

The admittance matrix is calculated by the inverse of coefficient

matrix of the above equation.

The primitive impedance matrix of mutually coupled coils can be

written as:
= Mutual impedance b/w coil 1 and 2 =
Developing Y-bus having mutually coupled
branches by Building block Algorithm

Let there are two branch impedances Za (connected b/w node

‘m’ and ‘n’) and Zb( connected between node ‘p’ and ‘q’ ) and
they are mutually coupled by mutual impedance Zm

Here and are all injected currents into buses m,n,p and q
respectively.
The branch voltage drop equation can be written as:

The primitive admittance matrix is given by:

 
…….(i)

Branch voltage drops equations can also be written in terms of

node voltages such as:

………..(ii)
Similarly branch currents are related to node current as

And
These current equations in matrix form are:

………..(iii)

Now taking eq ‘1’

[ ][ ]
Substituting the value of from eq (ii); 𝑉𝑚

[ 𝑌𝑎
𝑌𝑀
𝑌𝑀
𝑌𝑏 ] 𝐴
𝑉𝑛
𝑉𝑝
𝐼
= 𝑎
𝐼𝑏
𝑉𝑞
 And in order to replace branch currentsand into node current ,
we multiply both sides of the above eq. by

And from (iii) substitute the value on RHS

This yields:

This admittance matrix of 4X4 order is for two mutually coupled branches, which are part of a large
system. Therefore this matrix is a part of a large matrix (Y-bus) of the whole system.
Now writing the term of coefficient matrix
 

 
It should be noted that the order of numbering depends on
which node is connected to the (dotted) terminal i.e., m
appears before ‘n’ and ‘p’ appears before ‘q’
Thus we can form the admittance matrix for mutually coupled
coils by multiplying each element by building- block matrix.
For 3 mutually coupled Branches
Equivalent Admittance Network with no
mutually coupled Branches
Sol: from Pimitive Impedance matrix of the
mutually coupled branches, determine primitive
admittance Matrix
b) Form matrix of primitive admittances; each
expressed as a building block matrix of 2X2 branch
elements Ya,Yb,YM
c) Since there are 3 buses, form a 3X3 matrix
composed of elements picked from building blocks
d) place uncoupled admittance values among the buses.