IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY

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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Improving Capabilities and Attitudes

GENERAL CHEMISTRY
LESSON 1
The Properties of
Matter,
Classifications,
and its Various
Forms
 Unit 1 – The Properties of
Matter and its Various Forms
• SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
• At the end of this lesson, the learners will be
able to:
• 1. use properties of matter to identify
substances and to separate them;
• 2. recognize the formulas of common
chemical substances; and
• 3. describe simple separation technique like
chromatography.
DEVELOPMENT OF MATTER
EPICURUS OF SAMOS
•Matter IS MADE UP OF
ATOM
•ATOM HAD DIFFERENT
WEIGHTS but the same
speed. REGARDLESS OF ITS
SIZE
PLATO AND ARISTOTLE
•OPPOSED ATOMISM
•THEY AGREED WITH
EMPEDOCLES
•ADD AETHER-MATTER FOUND
OUTSIDE THE EARTH AND
MOON.
ALCHE
MY
 WHAT ARE THE 5 STATES OF
MATTER?
•Matter is anything that has mass and volume,
including all atoms and all subatomic
particles, but also all mixtures of compounds,
all objects we encounter around us, etc.
•The properties of matter include any traits
that can be measured, such as an object's
density, color, mass, volume, length,
malleability, melting point,
hardness, odor, temperature, and
more.
PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
1. COLOR the aspect of any object that may be described in terms
of hue, lightness, and saturation.
2. DENSITY degree of consistency measured by the quantity of
mass per unit volume.
3. MASS the property of a body that is a measure of its inertia and
that is commonly taken as a measure of the amount of
material it contains and causes it to have weight in a
gravitational field
4. VOLUME the amount of space that a substance or object
occupies
5. LENGTH the measurement or extent of something from end to end

6. capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a

MALLEABILITY hammer or by the pressure of rollers
7. MELTING the temperature at which a given solid will melt.
POINT
8. DUCTILITY is a mechanical property commonly described as a
material's ability to be drawn into wire

9. MISCIBILITY is the property of two substances to mix in all

proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at
any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture
(a solution). The term is most often applied to liquids
but also applies to solids and gases.

10. ODOR the property of a substance that activates the sense

of smell:
to have an unpleasant odor.
a sensation perceived by the sense of smell; scent.

11. measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of

TEMPERATURE any of several arbitrary scales
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES
• The two types of pure substances
• elements (Simplest type of matter that is composed of only one kind of atom.
Ex: Gold, Silver, Carbon, & Oxygen ) and compounds (Composed of two or more
elements combined chemically in definite proportions. Ex: Carbon monoxide –
CO, Carbon dioxide – CO2).
• A compound can be decomposed into their constituents’ elements only through
chemical means. For example, water (H2O) can be separated into hydrogen and
oxygen through a process called electrolysis.
• A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components, each of which retains its
own identity and properties. A mixture may be classified as homogeneous (It is the
mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed throughout its volume
and cannot be seen separately or simply solution. Ex: Tea, Fruit juice, Medicine,
Honey, Milk, Blood) or heterogeneous (It is the mixture in which the components
are not uniformly distributed throughout its volume and can be easily seen
separately. Ex: Halo – halo, Soup, Oil in water, Assorted dry fruits, Assorted
candies).
PURE SUBSTANCE VS
MIXTURE
MIXTURE
 Itself is what the end-
user derives value from
also.
 Chromatography is used to separate mixtures

Use big images

of substances into their components. All forms of
chromatography work on the same principle.
They all have a stationary phase (a solid, or a
to show your
liquid supported on a solid) and a mobile phase (a
liquid or a gas). The mobile phase flows through

ideas
the stationary phase and carries the components of
the mixture with it. Different components travel at
different rates. We'll look at the reasons for this
further down the page.
In paper chromatography, the stationary phase
is a very uniform absorbent paper. The mobile
phase is a suitable liquid solvent or mixture of
solvents.
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatog
raphy/paper.html
 
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 LESSON 2 PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES IN
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
 

What do you think is considered

behind the price of a certain
product?

A consumer product is any

item often bought for
consumption.
 
⮚ Bleach helps clean and whiten surfaces by generally lowering
the stability of the chemical bonds in stain molecules.
o Two most common bleaching agents are sodium hypochlorite
(NaOCl), called chlorine bleach and hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2).
⮚ Soap and Detergents are mixtures of surfactants, water
softeners, stain removers, enzymes, and perfumes, among
others.
o Surfactants (surface active ingredients) – most important
mixture; render soaps and detergents capable of lowering the
surface tension of water, which allows them to wet the surface
to be cleaned.
Personal care products constitute a diverse group of materials
that improve the overall appearance of a person. These
products are generally used to cleanse and beautify.
Disinfectant a chemical substance that is used to kill harmful
germs and bacteria : a substance that disinfects something
 Compare the given products based on components, safety, quality, and cost.
Household Product Components Safety Quality Cost
cleaning
materials
BLEACH
         
 
 
 
 
 

         
 
 
 
 
 

DISHWASHING
         
 
 
 
 

LIQUID
 

         
 
 
 
 
 

DETERGENT
         
 
 
 
 
 

         
 
 
 
 
 

DISINFECTANT
         
 
 
 
 
 

         
 
 
 
 
 
Just asking:

Can you truly say that the substances you

are using at home are safe? How would
you know?

 
How can you say that one substance is
different from the other?
 
Enumerate the 3 most essential
substances at home. Briefly explain your
reasons in choosing them.