LESSON 5:

PERCENT
COMPOSITION
AND CHEMICAL
FORMULAS
Mrs. Wilhelmina I. Galiza
Subject Teacher
 ◆ The formula mass of a molecule (also known
as formula weight) is the sum of the atomic weights
 of the atoms in the empirical formula of the
compound. Formula weight is given 
in atomic mass units (amu).
◆ C6H12O6
◆ C6 x 12 = 72
◆ H12 x 1 = 12
◆ O6 x 16 = 96
2
○ 180 amu. g/mole
 ◆Ca3(PO4)2 =
◆Ca 3 x 40 = 120
◆P 2 x 31 = 62
◆O 4 16 + 128
◆310 amu 310 g/mole

3
 ◆Al2(SO4)3 =
◆Al 2 x 27 =54 H2O
◆S 3 x 32 = 96
◆O 12 x 16 = 192
◆ 342 amu
4
342 g/mole
 LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
⮚ states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in
the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the
sample.
⮚ Example: CO2
C = 1 x 12 (atomic mass) = 12 g
0 = 2 x 16 (atomic mass) = 32 g
Therefore,
Ratio: C1 : O2 = 12g of C: 32g of O
C2 : O4 = 24g of C: 64g of O
C3: 06 = 36g of C: 96g of O
Checking:
32g O / 12g C = 2.67
96g O / 36g C = 2.67
5
 
 

6
 H2O=
H2 X1= 2 2/18x100%= 11%
O 1 X 16 = 16 16/18x100%= 89%
100%
18g/mol

7
8
9
10
 GENERALIZATION:
How is the concept of percent composition applied
in daily life? Have the students cite applications of
percent composition, including the following fields:
medicine
manufacturing industries (e.g., cleaning chemicals,
insecticides)
food production and nutrition Let’s start with the
first set of slides

11
 Most Essential Learning Competencies:
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to explain the
concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction, identify the excess
reagent(s).

12
13
 ⮚ We have the given solution = P4 + 6Cl2 🡪 4PCl3
⮚ P4 = 25.0 g (MM = 123.88 g/mol)
⮚ Cl2 = 25.0 g (MM = 70.9 g/mol)
⮚ PCl3 = MM = 137.32 g/mol
⮚ Find: a. Which is the limiting and excess reagent? and b. The reaction yield
for PCl3 .
⮚ Solution: To find letter a let us guess which is which.
o First, let us try P4 if it is the limiting reagent
▪ Which is not the limiting reagent because the result is 85.8 g and it is
more than 25.0 g.
o Now, let us try Cl2, and the result is 7.3 g.
▪ Cl2 is the limiting reagent because if all 25.0 g Cl2 is used up, only
7.3 g of the original 25.0 g is consumed. There is an excess of 17.7
g.
⮚ Solution: To find letter b: The reaction yield for PCl3 can 14
now be calculated
 You can also split your content

15