Pointers to

review
 Media and
Information
Literacy
The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different forms. Each
one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is broadly defined as the
imparting and exchanging of information or news.
In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the message we
want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our message. Few of the
examples are listed below.
Communication Medium
Conversation
Public Speaking
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
Visual Art
Physical Medium
Digital/ Interactive
How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
deliver the message.
One to many interactions using one’s voice as the tool
to deliver the message to a large number of people, at
any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-
package information contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet.
Activity 101: Different kinds of media
With communicating, we make use of different channels so as to convey and/or exchange information.
Imagine a typical day in your life as a Senior High School Student. Identify and list down ten (10) different
kinds of media that you use in order to communicate information. The first one is done for you

Media Used

1. Cellular Mobile Phones

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
 Table 2. Activity 2: Identification of the Uses of Media
From the list that you have identified from Activity 1, identify the use of the
specific media listed if it is (A) Source of Information, (B) Medium of
Communication, or (C) Both. The first one is done for you.

Media Used Use of Media

1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication
2.  
3.  
4.  
5.  
6.  
7.  
8.  
9.  
10.  
Opening Prayer:
0 INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND
INFORMATION LITERACY
LECTURE CONTINUATION….
At the end of this module student should be
able to:

• Identify key learning outcomes/elements

of media and information literacy
• Understand media and information
literacy, and its importance and relevance
in the lives of students and teachers today Lesson Objectives
• Explore the roles of media and other
information providers such as libraries,
archives and Internet
• Explore these roles in a variety of media
and information texts
• What is Media and
Information Literacy?

• What is the difference between

Data and Information?

• What are the forms of Media Lesson Outline

and Information Literacies?

• What are the Characteristics of

Media and Information
Literate Individuals?
Media and Info Literacy

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY is a set of

competencies that empowers citizens to access,
retrieve, understand, evaluate, use, create, and share
information and media content CRITICALLY,
ETHICALLY, and EFFECTIVELY.

It is considered as an essential and fundamental skill

for both digital natives, immigrants, and aliens.
 Terminologies
MEDIA pertains to the means and resources being used for creating,
delivering, sharing, and processing information.

INFORMATION is a broad term that covers processed data and knowledge

derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols.

LITERACY is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,

communicate, and compute using written or unwritten materials
associated with varying contexts.

TECHNOLOGY pertains to synthesized tools that serve to apply knowledge

or technique to perform tasks and obtain results.
Media

• Print Media (Newspapers,

Magazines, Books, Journals,
Comics, Brochures)

• Broadcast Media (Television,

Radio, Satellites, Mobile
Phones, Films)

• Digital Media (Internet,

Social Media, Computers)
 Media

MEDIA is the source of credible information where

content is provided through an editorial process
determined by journalistic values and where editorial
accountability can be attributed to an organization or
legal person (obsolete definition).

MEDIA is any object (physical or not) that serves as a

source or channel for information (current definition).
 Purposes of Media
• acts as channels of information and knowledge

• facilitates informed debates between diverse social actors

• serves as means by which the society learns about itself and

builds a sense of community

• functions as a watchdog of the government by promoting

transparency in public life and public scrutiny of those with power

• acts as facilitator of democratic processes

 Data and Information

Generated in absurdly large quantities each

day, DATA refers to facts, figures, and
values. INFORMATION, on the other hand,
is when these data are processed and
translated into something meaningful or
significant.
Data and Information

For instance, the records and

values of gas liters you pump
and load each morning are
data. When you process these
to identify that you are
spending x amount of money
on gas alone and conclude that
you are overspending, these
become information.
 Technology

Digital technology or ‘new media’

commonly pertains to the Internet (the
global system of interconnected computer
networks). It is one of the most valuable
innovations in the 20th century.
 Literacy

Basically, literacy is the ability to read, write, speak, and

listen in a way that lets individuals communicate effectively.

In the context of media and information literacy (MIL),

literacy refers to an individuals ability to receive, assess,
process, share, and create information effectively, ethically,
and properly for the purpose of expressing oneself,
interacting with others, and contributing to society.
 Media Literacy

Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze,

evaluate, and create media in a variety of
forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing
them with the necessary competencies
(knowledge and skills) to engage with traditional
media and new technologies.
 Information Literacy

Information literacy is the ability to recognize

when information is needed, as well as locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats.
 Technology Literacy

Technology literacy is the ability of an individual

to use technological tools responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively. With these tools,
an individual can access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create, and communicate information.
Media and Info Literacy

Media and information literacy is a set of

essential skills and competencies that allow
individuals to engage with media and other
information providers effectively, as well as
develop critical thinking and life-long learning
skills to socialize and become active citizens.
 Media and
Information Literate
Individuals
 Independent

Media and information literate

INDEPENDENT individuals can independently
process digital or printed texts
of varying complexity, discuss
and elaborate ideas with others,
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERATE

and understand and apply

INDIVIDUAL

conventions of vocabulary and

grammar while applying
learning strategies.
 Knowledgeable

These individuals acquire,

process, share, and translate
deep information about their
fields. They can discuss and
elaborate on discipline-specific
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION CONTENT
LITERATE KNOWLEDGE

texts and become experts on

INDIVIDUAL

their fields.
 Responsive

Media and information literate

individuals can adjust the way
they communicate with others
depending on the audience,
task, purpose, discipline, and
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERATE

other demands or factors in the

INDIVIDUAL

situation.
RESPONSIVE
 Critical with Information

Not only do they understand

the information being given, but
they also critique the content,
delivery, and processing of
data. The subconsciously
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERATE

question the media and give

INDIVIDUAL

great emphasize on the

CRITICAL
WITH
INFORMATION
provided evidence.
 Technology Savvy

They are capable. They

effectively make use of
technology and new media in a
way that is highly advantageous
for the purpose of their
MEDIA AND
TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION
SAVVY LITERATE

communication
INDIVIDUAL
 Considerate

They acknowledge,
CONSIDERATE understand, and respect
others’ perspectives and
cultures. They are aware of
individual differences and keep
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERATE

these in mind when

INDIVIDUAL

communicating.
 Media and
CONSIDERATE INDEPENDENT

Information Literate
MEDIA AND
TECHNOLOGY
SAVVY
INFORMATION
LITERATE
INDIVIDUAL
CONTENT
KNOWLEDGE Individuals
(Summary)
CRITICAL
WITH RESPONSIVE
INFORMATION
 Activity 103: Choose two (2), work on it and then give your insights/point
of view or even your reaction based on the given questions.

1. The media play an important role in helping to encourage the development and building of a nation.
Discuss how undue restrictions that might be imposed on media can prevent the media from exercising
this function. Think about the content of media in the Philippines. How many different points of view can
you find on development, nation building and national interests and from which perspective?
2. Keep a journal for one day in which you record your daily use and interaction with media and information
providers, such as public and private Internet information providers. What patterns emerge in your
personal use? How many hours do you spend engaged with media and technology such as the Internet,
television or radio? What roles are these media and other information providers playing in your life?
3. Imagine that you wake up one day and there are no more media, libraries, Internet and cell phones. In
addition, all newspapers, magazines, radio stations and TV channels have disappeared. Analyze in small
groups what would happen to citizens: How would they be informed now?
• How would they communicate news, facts, and events?
• What would happen with the decisions you usually make?
• What would you – personally – most miss in such a situation?
• What would society lose with this kind of problem?
Unit 1:
Understanding Media and Information Literacy

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

KEY TOPICS:
• Defining ‘information’ and ‘media’
• Exploring the importance of the media and other
information providers
• Describing key learning outcomes of media and
information literacy

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module student should be able to:

• Identify key learning outcomes/elements of media and information literacy

• Understand media and information literacy, and its importance and relevance in
the lives of students and teachers today
• Explore the roles of media and other information providers such as libraries,
archives and Internet
• Explore these roles in a variety of media and information texts

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES and ACTIVITIES

MULTIPLE ROLES OF MEDIA

Media and other information providers play a central role in information and communication processes. They are
one way of communicating information, although their role is much broader than that. For the purpose of the
MIL curriculum, media are defined (irrespective of the nature and technologies used) as sources of credible and
current information created through an editorial process determined by journalistic values whereby editorial
accountability can be attributed to a specific organization or a legal person.

To the extent that media are an important part of every society’s communication system, their institutional
make-up can mesh with a variety of non-media information providers, such as libraries, museums, archives,
Internet information providers, other information organizations and citizens who produce their own content.

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

Media play several roles. They:

• act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens communicate with each other and make informed
decisions
• facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors

• provide us with much of what we learn about the world beyond our immediate experience

• are means by which a society learns about itself and builds a sense of community

• function as a watchdog of government in all its forms, promoting transparency in public life and public scrutiny of those
with power through exposing corruption, maladministration and corporate wrong-doing

• are essential facilitators of democratic processes and one of the guarantors of free and fair elections

• are a vehicle for cultural expression and cultural cohesion within and between nations

• function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic values

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

Sourcing Information
The proper use of information made available by media and various information providers depends on people’s abilities to
understand their information needs, and to locate, retrieve and evaluate the quality of the information they can access.
Today, there is an extremely wide and diverse selection of information material, content, and resources available, particularly
on the Internet, varying greatly in accuracy, reliability, and value. In addition, this information exists in a variety of forms (e.g.
as text, image or statistic, electronically or in print), that can be made available through online repositories and portals,
virtual and real libraries and documentary collections, databases, archives, museums, etc. The most important factor,
however, is that the quality of this information can range from ‘very good’ to ‘very bad’.

Before evaluating information sources, it is important to think about what the information is for. This will help you to identify
credible information sources. The key questions might be:

• What source or what kind of source would be the most credible for providing information in this particular case? Which
sources are likely to be fair, objective, lacking hidden motives, showing quality control?
• We can think of information as being held by media and other information providers, such as libraries, museums, archives
and the Internet. These information providers have a number of roles, including to:

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

 • inform
• educate
• facilitate teaching and learning processes
• provide access to all types of information (often free of charge, plural, reliable
and without restrictions)
• serve as a gateway to information
• promote universal values and civil rights, such as freedom of expression and
information
• serve as society’s collective memory
• gather information
• preserve cultural heritage
• entertain

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

Unit 1:
Understanding Media and Information Literacy

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

IMPORTANCE OF MIL FOR CITIZENS

Media and information literacy (MIL) brings together disciplines that were once separate and distinct. MIL is concerned with
giving people an understanding of the importance of media and other information providers in order to:

• make informed decisions

• learn about the world around them
• build a sense of community
• maintain public discourse, and
• engage in lifelong learning

Further, MIL should spur citizens to become active producers of information and innovators of media and information
products, as well as critical thinkers. MIL should incite them to use new and traditional media for self-expression, creativity
and greater participation in their country’s democracy and the global information network.

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12

Activity 104
1. Consider the following terminologies linked to different literacies
relating to MIL and being used by various actors around the world:
• Media literacy PBT 101: Read and proofread a legit article for at
• Library literacy least one (1) only either local or international.
• Computer literacy Then create an act like you are a reporter
• Freedom of expression literacy reporting the article you’ve chosen.
• Internet literacy
• Digital literacy Rubrics:
• News literacy Relevance – 25%
• Cinema literacy Clear Reporting – 25%
• Games literacy Creativity of the report– 25%
Using the Internet or a library, research various definitions of each of Organization of thoughts – 25%
these terminologies.
2. What do you observe about the relationship between and among
these individual terminologies or notions of MIL? Write one paragraph
describing what would be your rationale for combining media literacy
and information literacy as MIL.

Media and Information Literacy Grade 12