1.

Abdullahi Omar Mohamed

2. Anas Abdullahi Mohamed
3. Muscab Abdullahi Mohamud
4. Salaxudiin Mohamed Mohamud
5. Mohamed Abdi kafi Mohamed
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Pegmatite definition
•Pegmatite Composition
•Formation of the Pegmatite
•Where is it found?
•Characteristics and Properties of Rock
•Pegmatite Uses
Pegmatite is an igneous rock that form end of
the stage a magma’s crystallization.
Pegmatites contain exceptionally large crystals
and they contain rarely minerals than other
types of rocks. They have interlocking crystals
usually larger than 2.5 cm in size.
Generally most Pegmatites are found in sheets
of rock that are dikes and veins Also near large
masses of igneous rocks called batholiths.
Pegmatites are extreme igneous rocks that form during the final stage of a
magma’s crystallization. They are extreme because they contain
exceptionally large crystals and they sometimes contain minerals that are
rarely found in other types of rocks.
Name origin: The term of pegmatite derives from Homeric Greek, πήγνυμι
(pegnymi), which means “to bind together”
Colour: Pink, grey- white
Group: Intrusive Igneous Rock
Texture: Phaneritic Text, Gigantic perthitic texture,
and perfect twinning
Mineralogy: Quartz, feldspar and mica, amphibole,
 pyroxene,
 Pegmatite Composition
Some type of feldspar, frequently with mica and typically with quartz, is
the dominant mineral in pegmatite mineralogy.
The majority of the minerals connected to granite and granite-related
hydrothermal systems are found in pegmatite.
Measurement of the mineralogy is not possible, though.
This is impacted by the difficulties of identifying and collecting mineral
grains from a rock that may have crystals up to a meter in length.
Mafic and carbonate-containing sequences that contain garnet, typically
in the form of almandine or spessartine, are found in pegmatites.
Large feldspathoid crystals are present in syenite pegmatites in place of
the quartz that was once present.
Pegmatite Composition
 Formation of the Pegmatite
Igneous rocks formed large crystals are usually ttributed to a slow rate of
crystallization but with pegmatites’ large crystals are attributed to low-
viscosity fluids that allow ions to be very mobile.
During the crystallization stage, the melt usually contains a significant
amount of dissolved water and other volatiles such as chlorine, fluorine,
and carbon dioxide. Early crystallization process, water is not removed.
So its concentration in the melt grows as crystallization progresses.
Finally there is an overabundance of water, and pockets of water separate
from the melt.
These pockets of superheated water are extremely rich in dissolved ions.
The ions in the water are much more mobile than ions in the melt.
 Formation of the Pegmatite
This allows them to move about freely and form crystals rapidly. This
is why crystals of a pegmatite grow so large.
The extreme conditions of crystallization sometimes produce crystals
that are several meters in length and weigh over one ton.
Pegmatites form from waters that separate from a magma in the
late stages of crystallization this activity often occurs in small
pockets along the margins of a batholith. Pegmatite can also form in
fractures that develop on the margins of the batholith.
This is how pegmatite dikes are formed.
Pegmatite is found in all over the world. They are most abundant old
rocks.
Some are found in large intrusive igneous rocks, while others are
scattered over rocks surrounding intrusive magmatic rocks.
Pegmatites can be classified according to the elements or mineral of
interest, for instance “lithian pegmatite” to describe a Li-bearing or
Li-mineral bearing pegmatite, or “boron pegmatite” for those
containing tourmaline.
There is often no meaningful way to distinguish pegmatites according
to chemistry due to the difficulty of obtaining a representative
sample, but often groups of pegmatites can be distinguished on
contact textures, orientation, accessory minerals and timing. These
may be named formally or informally as a class of intrusive rock or
within a larger igneous association.
While difficult to be certain of derivation of pegmatite in the
strictest sense, often pegmatites are referred to as “metamorphic”,
“granitic” or “metasomatic”, based on the interpretations of the
investigating geologist.
Rocks with similar texture to pegmatites are called pegmatitic.
Pegmatite are used as architectural stone. If the pegmatite is sound
and attractive, it might be cut into slabs and polished for building
facing, countertops, tile or other decorative stone products and sold
commercially as a “granite.”
Pegmatite is used in gemstone mining because of it has large crystal
minerals. Gemstones found in pegmatite include: amazonite,
apatite, aquamarine, etc.
It is used as a primary ingredient for making glass and ceramics.
It is also used as a filler in many products.