BONE DEVELOPMENT AND IT’S MICROSCOPIC

STRUCTURE

Dr. dr. Ni Made Linawati, M.Si

Histology department
Medical Faculty of Udayana University
md_linawati@unud.ac.id
2021
 Outline : Bone and Cartilage
CARTILAGE BONE
long
hyaline
short
Type elastic Shape
flat
fibrocartilage irregular
sesamoid
cells cells
Element Element
matrix matrix

Growth appositional
interstitial
Growth
intramembraneous
appositional
Ossification
endochondral
 Cartilage: the commons
Cellular Matrix/Ground
Perichondrium
Element Substance
- condroblast Secreted by condroblast : Outer fibrous layer

- condrocytes
Amorphous - fibroblast elastic
- proteoglycan - collagen
(in lacuna) - blood vessel
Isogenous - glycoprotein
Inner fibrous layer
cell group hyaline
- glycosaminoglycan - chondrogenic cells
- condro/osteoclast Fibres
(macrophages) - blood vessel for
avascular cartilage
only in Matrix :
matrix
endochondral - territorial Exception
bone formation
- interteritorial - fibrocartilage
fibrocartilage
- articular cartilage
diffusion of nutrient by synovial
fluid
 Cartilage: the differences

Cellular Matrix/Ground Location

Element Substance
Elastic cartilage

Collagen type II Auricle of the ear

Condrocytes >>> epiglottis
Elastic fiber (elastin) >>
eustachian tube
Hyaline cartilage
Articular
Condrocytes >>> Collagen type II trachea
bronchus
epiphyseal plate

Collagen type I Intervertebral disks Fibrocartilage

Condrocytes rich in dermatan and pubic symphysis
condroitin sulfate articular disk
The growth of cartilage

Interstitial growth Appositional growth

Resulting from the mitotic Resulting from the
Origin division of preexisting differentiation of
chondrocytes perichondrial cells

Occur Early phase of cart form, art. Need perichondrium

Cart, epiphyseal plate

Type of cart all Hyline and elastic

BONE
 Bone: the commons

Cellular Element Matrix

Secreted by osteoblast
osteoblast
Organic matrix :
GS : 10%: proteoglycan
osteocytes
glycoprotein
in lacuna glycosaminoglycan
90% : type I collagen
canaliculi
>>, V, III, XI, XIII
haversian systems
Inorganic matrix 50%:
Osteoclast ca hydroksiapatite crystal
howship’s lacuna
Decalsification by acid
secret acid enzymes
Ruffled border
 4 main groups of noncollagenous protein in
the bone matrix
• Proteoglycan macromolecule (osteonectin ,
podoplanin, DMP binding growth fx and inhibit
minz.
• Multiadhesive glycoprotein  attachment of bone
cells and collagen fibers to the minz.GS
• Bone specific, vit K-dep protein, osteocalsin
stimulate bone remodeling
• Growth fx and cytokines ex BMPs induce diff of
mesenchyme  osteoblast. BMP-7 (OP-1) induce
bone growth after surgery
 Structure and type of bone :
• Type : long, short, flat,
irregular, sesamoid
• Structure :
- Canalicular-lacunar nutrient
supply systems
- Spongy B
- Compact B
- Bone marrow cavity
- Periosteum and endosteum
• Microscopis : primary and
secondary bone
 Bone: compact vs spongy

Compact Spongy
Bone Bone

Cavities (-) Cavities (+)

(dense area)
Haversian Canals∆ (+) Haversian Canals ∆ (-)
Volkmann’s Canals ∆ (+) Volkmann’s Canals ∆ (-)
Trabecula (-) Trabecula (+)
∆ = Blood vessels & nerves pathway
Lacuna (+) Lacuna (+)
Canaliculi (+) Canaliculi (+)
 Bone: immature vs mature
Immature Bone Mature Bone
Primary/woven bone Secondary/lamellar bone
Anorganic element << Anorganic element >>
Fetal development and bone repair Lamellae >>
Osteocytes >>
bundles of collagen: irregular Collagen fiber regular arranged
mature bone (parallel each other)
Canaliculi
Bone development

Cellular differentiation : mesenchymal cell 

osteoprogenitor cell osteoblast

Bone matrix formation : osteoid matrixcalsification

Morphologic differentiation : formation of bone spiculae ,

trabeculae, spongy bone, and
formation of compact bone by
appositional lamellae deposition

Futher diferentiation of woven

to lamellar bone
 Bone formation
Intramembraneous Endochondral
- Cartilage model formation
-Mesenchymal cell osteoprogenitor
- Bone collar development
cellosteoblast
-Destruction of cartilage model
followed by osteogenic bud associated
- Flat bone : calvaria of the skull, with hemopoietic tissue in the space of
mandible, periosteum of shaft of long cartilage destruction
bone
- Primary and secondary Center of
ossification
- Need periosteum
- Most of the long bone
 Bone growth
In length In width
- Appositional growth
- Occur in epiphyseal plate

- Begin from Periosteum

- 5 zone : reserve cartilage, - Continously througout the total

proliferation, maturation and period of bone growth and
hypertrophy, calsification, ossification development
 Summary
Cartilage VS Bone  similarities
Development begin at embryo in 5 week of age
1. Hard tissue
2. Lacuna – matrix systems
3. Same family of cellular components
 Chondroblast –chondrocytes
 Osteoblast-osteocytes
4. Surrounded by connectiveTissue membrane
 Perichondrium and periosteum
 Summary
Difference Cartilage Bone
1. Inorganic substance No High
2. Flexibility Yes No
3. Blood vessel Avascular Vascular
4. Nutrient supply Diffusion Canaliculi
5. Mechanism of growth Interstitial & appositional Only appositional
6. Remodelling No Constantly
7. Destruction cell No Osteoclast
Thank You