PROPERTIES OF

MATTER
Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5)
MATTER
The modern knowledge of
matter as being composed of
atoms, and of still smaller
fundamental particles,
resulted from a long history
of suppositions, logical
thinking and
experimentation.
MATTER
It is a fundamental
knowledge in
Chemistry that matter is
anything that has mass
and volume. Mass is the
amount of matter, while
volume is the space it
occupies.
STATES OF MATTER
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensate
 SOLID STATE OF MATTER
 Solids have definite shape and volume. The particles in a solid are
tightly packed together; thus, solids are almost incompressible.
The particles vibrate in a fixed position; they cannot move around
or slide past each other. Solids have high densities and can
expand only slightly when heated.
LIQUID STATE OF MATTER
 A liquid has no definite shape but has
definite volume. The particles in a
liquid are close with one another but
not as those in a solid. The particles are
not arranged in a rigid or orderly
manner; they can slide past each other,
allowing the liquid to flow freely and
take the shape of the container where it
is placed. Liquids are almost
incompressible, but they tend to
expand slightly when heated. They
generally have medium densities.
LIQUID STATE OF MATTER
 Gases take the shape of their container.
However, they have no definite volume. A gas
can expand to fill any volume, thus, it takes
both the shape and volume of its container. The
particles in a gas are usually much farther apart
than those in a liquid. Because of the large
space between the particles, gases are easily
compressed into smaller volume when pressure
is increased, but they generally expand when
heated. Gases also have low densities.
PLASMA STATE OF MATTER
Plasma is the fourth state of matter. Formed by
heating and ionizing a gas, plasmas are made up of
groups of negatively and positively charged particles.
Plasmas are not the same as gases; they have neither
a definite volume nor a definite shape. They often
observed in ionized gases, aurora borealis, lightning
and comet tails.
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
STATE OF MATTER
Produced when a cloud of bosons (a type of
elementary particles) is cooled to temperatures
very close to absolute zero (T=0K) such that a
large fraction of the bosons condense. Bose-
Einstein condensates include superfluids like cold
liquid helium, and superconductors like the
nucleons inside a neutron star.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical and Chemical
properties
Extensive and intensive
properties of mater.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
 A physical property of matter is one that can be observed
without changing the composition of a substance. Physical
properties include phase (solid, liquid, gas) color,
solubility, density, melting, and boiling points, volatility,
viscosity and conductivity.
 A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that
can be measured or observed without changing the
identity of matter.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
 Is the characteristics that describe its ability to undergo specific
chemical change thus changing the identity of the matter.
 Are characteristics that can be observed with the accompanying
change in chemical composition of a substance.
 Flammability
 Reactivity
 Acidity
 Toxicity
INTENSIVE (INTRINSIC)
PROPERTY
 Intensive properties do not change their value when the
amount of matter is changed.
 Depend on the TYPE of matter.
 Density
 Color
 Physical state
 Melting
 Boiling
 And freezing point
EXTENSIVE (EXTRINSIC)
PROPERTY
Change their values when the amount of
substance is changed.
Depend on the amount of matter.
Mass
Length
Size
volume
SEATWORK
What properties can
distinguish salt from white
sugar?