SPEECH CONTEXT

AND
SPEECH STYLE
 TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

1. INTRAPERSONAL -this refers to communication that centers on

one person. Others call this self-talk or
thinking. It may involve deliberation, where
you think about your decisions or possible
courses of action In this context in which
verbal and nonverbal communication
should be minimized.
2. INTERPERSONAL -this refers to communication between and
among people and establishes personal
relationship between and among them. It
also involves talking to one or a limited
number of people. In this type of
communication, the opportunity for
feedback and clarification is much greater.
Types of Interpersonal Context

A. Dyad

B. Small Group
 Interposal communication requires decreasing the
nature of some verbal and nonverbal elements of
communication.
 Decrease verbal behavior
 Adjust nonverbal behavior
 Emphasize eye
 Maintain good posture
3. PUBLIC -this type refers to communication that
requires you to deliver or send the message
before or in front of a group. The message can
be driven by informational or persuasive
purposes.

 Exaggerate Verbal Behavior

 Exaggerate Gestures
 Strive to Make Eye Contact
 Exaggerate Facial Expression
 Use Good Proxemics
4. MASS COMMUNICATION -this refers to
communication that takes
place through television,
radio, newspapers,
magazines, books,
billboards, internet, and
other types of media.
  
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE

1. Intimate Style – It is a communication used to special people

like family members, relatives and special
someone. This style rarely make complete
sentences when conversing to them.

2. Casual Style – It is considered as an everyday

conversation during informal situations. It
also involves special language where it
becomes exclusive for that certain group.
3. Consultative Style – It requires knowledge both from the
sender and receiver. Through the details,
interaction is happening.

4. Formal Style – It is used when we attend meetings,

conversations, and forums.

5. Frozen Style – It is often called the static style and common

in formal documents because what it printed
means an unchanging language every time it
is spoken. The speaker is expected to have a
monotonous voice upon speaking this style.
SPEECH
ACT
 THREE TYPES OF SPEECH ACT

1. Locutionary Speech Act

This Act happens with the utterance of a sound, a word, or
even a phrase as a natural unit of speech. Even though the
utterance might be a sound, a word, or a phrase, the
utterance follows the rules of language.
Examples of Locutionary Acts:
“What?” (when someone is surprised)
“It’s a bird!” (when people see Superman in the sky)
2. Illocutionary Speech Act
In an illocutionary Speech Act, it is not just saying something
itself but the act of saying something with the intention of:
 Stating an opinion, confirming, or denying something;
 Making a prediction, a promise, a request;
 Issuing an order or a decision; or
 Giving advice or permission.
This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary Force of a statement, a
confirmation, a denial, a prediction, a promise, a request, etc.
3. Perlocutionary Speech Act
This is seen when a particular effect is sought from either the
Speaker, the Listener, or both. The response may not necessarily be
physical or verbal and is elicited by:
 Inspiring or insulting;
 Persuading/convincing; or
 Deterring/scaring.
The aim of a Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change feelings,
thoughts, or actions.
 Illocutionary and Perlocutionary acts have five points
identified by John Searle (1969):
1. Assertives are statements that make assertions or
contentions which are usually evaluated based on its truth-
value. These are statements that usually describe a status or
condition.
Example: Students and parents have to follow the safety
and health protocols recommended by the IATF
whenever in school.
 
2. Directives are utterances that give instructions for people to
follow.
Example: Please wear your mask and face shield
properly.

3. Commissives are statements which compel the speaker to act

on something such as making promises.
Example: I will disinfect my hands to avoid bacterial
growth.
4. Expressives are statements that speak sincere emotions.
Example: I am paranoid I’ll get infected by COVID if I don’t
follow the guidelines.
 
5. Declaratives are utterances that state opinions, facts.
Example: You need not to worry if you are following the
protocol.
 Seven Types of Communicative Strategies

1. Nomination- presenting a particular topic clearly,

truthfully, and saying only what is relevant.
Example:
 Have you noticed the weird weather lately? Is this
because of global warming?
 I was late for class again! The MRT stopped midway.
What is wrong with the MRT?
2. Restriction- constraining the
response/reaction within a set of categories;
Example:
 They say that the Philippine economy is getting
better. Only the stupid thinks that, right? (No
one wants to be stupid).
 That arrest move was a disaster waiting to
happen. Do you agree? (Yes/No)
3. Turn-taking- recognizing when and how to
speak because it is one’s turn;
Example:
 I agree with the point just made. But may I
add that OFWs would rather be home and
work here so they could be with their
families.
 May I have the floor, sir? The topic under
discussion is the state of the Philippine
economy today. We want better lives for all
Filipinos, whether they are working here or
abroad.
4. Topic control- keeping the interaction going
by asking questions and eliciting a response;
Examples:
 How often do you ride the MRT, Tony? How
many times have you encountered a stoppage
in service?
 Your car may break down, too, Luna, right? So
you have to find another means of getting to
school. We all do not want to be late for class,
yes?
5. Topic shifting- introducing a new topic followed by the
continuation of that topic;
Examples:
 This is a battle with corporations that continue to pollute the
environment. But this is also a battle with man himself, who
continues to act as if there is another Earth we can move to
once this Earth dies.
 If we cannot use the Earth’s resources, our economies will die.
We need to choose: the economy or the environment.
6. Repair- overcoming communication breakdown to send
more comprehensible messages; and
Example:
 I have ordered Colonel…uh… General Pano to look into this
matter. He, General Pano I mean, will report directly to me,
as President of the Philippines.
 When we look at the World Wide Web, more popularly
known as wwww… excuse me, www, we find that this
information Highway or rather Superhighways is the means
toward becoming part of a globally economy, a global
economy.
7. Termination- using verbal and nonverbal signals to end
the interaction.
Examples:
P1: so that’s it for our plans in the upcoming Student
Council elections.
P2: Yes.
P3: Okay, all done.
P4: Finished.
P1: See you in class.
P2, P3, P4: See you later.