Bolt-connection lesson 3

Ir. D. Langen
November/December 2016
Bolt-connection schematic
b) Hand-tight
c) Pre-tensioned (Pre-tensioning force FV, no extra
force
d) Pre-tensioned plus extra force FB

fs is elongation of bolt under pre-tension

fT is compression of clamped parts under pre-
tension
FKL is clamping force in clamped parts
Rötscher-diagram
“verlenging” means “lenghtening”
“verkorting” means “shortening”
“schroefkarakteristiek” means “bolt-characteristic”
“karakteristiek van de ingeklemde delen” means
“characteristic of clamped parts”

fs is elongation of bolt under pre-tension

fT is compression of clamped parts under pre-
tension
FV is pre-tensioning force
Formulas for Rötscher-diagram and stiffness

f is lenghtening
ε is elongation
l is lenght
σ is stress
E is E-modulus
F is force
A is surface
Formulas for Rötscher-diagram and stiffness

δ is deformationability (elastic!)
C is stiffness
f is lenghtening
F is force
l is lenght
E is E-modulus
A is surface
Separate parts in an elongating bolt
Bolt: Calculation of stiffness

lk is clamped lenght
0,4d is the part of the bolt that is assumed to deform
in the head of het bolt and in the thread.

δS is deformationability (elastic!) of bolt

Es is E-modulus of bolt, 210000
N/mm2 for steel bolts
d is (nominal) diameter of thread
li is lenght of part of bolt
Ai is area of part of bolt
AN is nominal area of bolt
 Compression (stress) in clamped parts
Clamped parts: Calculation of stiffness

d is (nominal) diameter of thread

lk is clamped lenght
dw is width of wrench
dh is hole-diameter
Dverv is “replacement”-diameter
Averv is “replacement”-area
DA is outside diameter of clamped parts

δT is deformationability (elastic!) of clamped parts

fT is shortening (elastic!) of clamped parts
ET is E-modulus of clamped parts
Φ is ratio FBS / FB
Example: Hydraulic piston (2 parts)
Piston-material: E335
Pistonrod-material Ck35E
Maximum oilpressure 50 bar
Minimal (Rest)clamping-force FKL 15 kN
Bolt according to DIN EN ISO 4762
Thread oiled, torque wrench used
δS ?
δT ?