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1. Projectile Motion
2. Uniform Circular Motion
3.Inertial Frame of Reference
4. Laws of Motion
5. Forces and Friction

Rufino Jr. V. Hermias General Physics 1

General Physics 1

Projectile Motion

•  A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in

motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force
of gravity (Fgrav)
• Projectile is an object moving along a curve path under the influence of
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gravity.
• The object follows a parabolic path.
General Physics 1
Projectile Motion
• In solving for projectile motion, remember that the
vertical (y) and the horizontal (x) components are
independent to each other. Thus, two equations will be
used.

• Horizontally Launched projectile – The object is thrown

at a given height.

• Non-horizontally Launched projectile – The object is

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion
• Working equation for projectile motion
• Horizontally Launched projectile

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion
• Working equation for projectile motion
• Horizontally Launched projectile

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion

• Predictable unknowns include the initial

speed of the projectile, the initial height of
the projectile, the time of flight, and the
horizontal distance of the projectile.

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion
Example #1

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General Physics 1 Given:
diy = 0.60m
viy = 2.4m/s
Requirement:
a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal distance (dx)

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General Physics 1 Given:
diy = 0.60m
vix = 2.4m/s

Requirement:
a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal distance (dx)

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General Physics 1

t = 0.34 s

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General Physics 1
• Example 2

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion

• Working equation for projectile motion

• Non-horizontally Launched projectile

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion

• Non-horizontally
Launched projectile

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General Physics 1
Projectile Motion
Example #2

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General Physics 1

Requirement:
Time of flight
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dx – horizontal displacement
dy – (peak height)
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General Physics 1

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General Physics 1 Solution
a. Time of flight

b. dx – horizontal displacement

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General Physics 1 Solution
c. dy – peak height

dy = 15.97m

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General Physics 1
Uniform Circular Motion
UCM – Body moves in circular path with constant speed.
 A type of motion of an object in a circle or constant speed.
 The object moving in circles is constantly changing it
direction.
 The object is moving tangent to the circle.
 The velocity vector is directed tangent to the circle as well
since the direction of the velocity vector is the same as the
direction of the object’s motion.
 An object moving in circle is accelerating because it is
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constantly changing its direction
 The acceleration of the object is inward.
General Physics 1
Uniform Circular
Motion in UCM
Acceleration
 The final motion characteristic for an object undergoing
uniform circular motion is the net force.
 The net force acting upon such an object is directed
towards the center of the circle.
 The net force is said to be inward or centripetal force.
 Without an inward force, an object will stay in a straight
line
 Yet the inward net force directed perpendicular to the
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and undergoing an inward acceleration.
General Physics 1
Uniform Circular Motion
• Circumference: perimeter of the circle.
• An object would cover a perimeter of the circle or its
circumference in each second time.
•  There are three mathematical quantities that will be of primary
interest to us as we analyze the motion of objects in circles.
These three quantities are speed, acceleration and force. The
speed of an object moving in a circle is given by the following
equation.

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General Physics 1
Uniform Circular Motion
• The acceleration of an object moving in a circle can be determined by either two of the following
equations.
 

• The net force (Fnet) acting upon an object moving in circular

motion is directed inwards. While there may be more than one
force acting upon the object, the vector sum of all of them
should add up to the net force. In general, the inward force is
larger than the outward force (if any) such that the outward
force cancels and the unbalanced force is in the direction of the
center of the circleThe net force is related to the acceleration of
the object (as is always the case) and is thus given by the
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following three equations:

General Physics 1 Uniform Circular Motion

Example 1
 
A 900-kg car moving at 10 m/s takes a turn around a circle with a radius of 25.0 m. Determine the
acceleration and the net force acting upon the car.
 
The solution of this problem begins with the identification of the known and requested information.
 
Known Information:
m = 900 kg
v = 10.0 m/s
R = 25.0 m
 
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a = ????
Fnet = ????
General Physics 1
Uniform Circular Motion

To determine the acceleration of the car, use the equation a = v2 / R.

The solution is as follows:
a = v2 / R
a = (10.0 m/s)2 / (25.0 m)
a = (100 m2/s2) / (25.0 m)
a = 4 m/s2
To determine the net force acting upon the car, use the equation Fnet = m•a.
The solution is as follows.
Fnet = m • a
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Fnet = (900 kg) • (4 m/s2)
Fnet = 3600 N
General Physics 1
Inertial Frame of Reference

What is motion?
Is the action of changing location or position.

The study of motion without regard to the forces or energies that may be involved
is called kinematics.

Frame of Reference
 Is a set of coordinates that can be used to determine positions and velocities of
objects in that frame.
 Different frames of reference move relative to one another
 Frames of reference where Newton’s analysis works are called inertial frame.
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General Physics 1
Inertial Frame of Reference
 
 The principle of inertia is true for inertial frame of references.
 
 INERTIA – the property of matter in which an object that is at rest wants to
remain at rest, and an object that is moving wants to remain moving in a
straight line unless another force is acting upon it.
 
 An inertial frame is a reference frame in which an object stays either at or at a
constant velocity unless another force acts upon it.
 
 When a body does not seem to be acting in accordance with inertia, it is non
inertial frame of reference or acceleration.

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General Physics 1

Inertial VS. Non-Inertial Frame of Reference

Inertial FOR – is the frame of reference in which the law of inertia

and other physics law are valid. Any frame moving at a constant
velocity relative to another frame is also an inertial frame of
reference.
Non-Inertial FOR – is a reference in which the law of inertia does not
hold.

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 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
General Physics 1

According to Aristotle, force is needed to make an object move. He proposed

that in the celestial realm, the Prime Mover continuously supplies the force
that moves the entire universe. Aristotle also added that the speed acquired
by the object is proportional to the force applied. The bigger the force, the
faster the object moves. Once the force is removed, the object stops moving.

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General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
LAW OF INERTIA
Building on Galileo’s work, Isaac Newton formulated his theory on
motion. In his book Principia Mathematica. Newton readily acknowledge his
debt on Galileo. His analysis of motion was summarized in his three law of
motion.
According to Newton’s first law of motion, a body at rest will remain at
rest or a body in motion will continue to move with constant velocity
unless acted upon by an unbalance forced. Inertia is the property of a body
that tends to resist a change in its state of rest or motion. A body requires an
unbalance force to change its state or rest or motion. Thus, Newton’s first
law is called the law of inertia.
The mass of a body is measured of its inertia. The bigger the mass, the
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greater the inertia of the body, the greater the force required to change the
body’s state of motion
General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Law of Acceleration
Referred to as the law of acceleration, the second law states that an
unbalance force acting on a body produces acceleration. The acceleration of
an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and
inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
This verbal statement can be expressed in equation form as follows:
a = Fnet / m
The above equation is often rearranged to a more familiar form as shown
below. The net force is equated to the product of the mass times the
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Fnet = m • a
General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Law of Acceleration

The SI unit of force is the newton (N),

WHERE 1 N = 1 kg x m/s2. The unit dyne
is sometimes used; 1 dyne is equivalent
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to 1g x cm/s2 or.
General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
A 5.0 kg crate initially at rest on a smooth surface is acted upon by two
opposing forces: 50N to the right and 30 N to the left. Find (a) the
acceleration of the block, (b) its velocity after 10.0 s starting from rest, and
(c) the distance it moves in 10s.
Given
m = 5.0 kg
t = 10 s
F1 = 50 N
F2 = -30N
Solution:
a. Since there are two opposing forces, the resulting unbalanced force (F) is
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the difference between the two forces. Using F = ma

- = ma
General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

a=

= 4.0 m/ to the right

b. + at = 0 + (4.0 m/ 40m

c
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General Physics 1 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Law of Interaction

Newtons third law states that when Body A exerts a force on Body B. Body B
will exert an equal but oppositely directed force on Body A. In other words,
there is an equal but opposite reaction to every action. Thus, the third law is
sometimes called the law of interaction. Note that action and reaction forces
act on two different objects and will not cancel out.

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General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
What is force?

 Push or pull to an object.

 Mass x acceleration
 Responsible for all interactions between particles and objects.

TWO CATEGORIES: contact and non-contact forces.

 
Contact Force
A. Applied Force
B. Spring Force
C. Tension Wire
D. Air Resistance
E. Frictional Force
 
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F. Magnetic Force
G. Electric Force
H. Gravitational Force
General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
Balance Force

When two forces acting on an object are equal in size but act in in opposite directions
 A stationary Object stay still
 A moving object continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction.
 When two forces have the same magnitude in opposite direction will be in the state of
EQUILIBRIUM.
Unbalance Force
 
When two forces acting on an object are not equal in size. Occurs when object change in
motion. Overall force acting in an object is called the resultant force
 A stationary object starts to move in the direction of the resultant force.
 A moving object changes speed and/or direction in the direction of the resultant force.
The change in the motion of an object depends upon:
 The size of the resultant force.
 The direction of the resultant force.
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 The greater the resultant force, the greater the change in the motion of the object.
Frictional Force – is the force that opposes the movement of an object;
Opposes applied force on an object.
General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
Two types of frictional Force: Static and Kinetic.
STATIC FRICTION
•Acts when the object on the surface are stationary.
•Widely accepted theory behind static friction is to do a microscopic
roughness of surfaces.

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General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
Two types of frictional Force: Static and Kinetic.
Kinetic Friction

•Referred to a Dynamic Friction is the force that resist the relative

movement of the surfaces once they are in motion.
•Overcoming of static friction results to movement.
•Abrasion persists but at a much-reduced level than static Friction.

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General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
Example 1

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General Physics 1 FORCES AND FRICTION
Fw = 200N
Ff = 80N
Ff = 40N Req. Coefficient of friction

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