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Internal combustion Engine

• Four-Stroke Gasoline Engine

•Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines

•Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

•Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

•Rotary Engine

•Wankel RotaryEngine

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Configuration
• Inline Engines
The cylinders are
arranged in a line, in a
single bank
• V Engines
The cylinders are arranged
in two banks, set at an angle
to one another

• Flat Engines
The cylinders are
arranged in two banks on
opposite sides of the engine

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 Engine
Block

Foundation of the engine and contains pistons, crank shaft,

cylinders, timing sprockets and sometimes the cam shaft. All
other parts cylinder head of engine are attached on it. The
material of cylinder blocks are cast iron or aluminium alloy
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Crank Shaft
Converts up and down or
reciprocating motion into
circular or rotary motion. Its material
is forged alloy steel. It is supported on
block from main journals and carrying
connecting rod and flywheel and
damper pully

DAMPNER PULLEY
Controls Vibration

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Connecting Rod

Attaches piston to the crank shaft. Small end attached

to the piston via piston pin and big end attached to the
crankshaft journal. Material of connecting rod is forged
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 Piston

A movable part fitted into a cylinder, which can receive

and transmit power Through connecting rod, forces the
crank shaft to rotate. Material of piston is aluminum alloy

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 Piston Rings
Three or above rings As
Top two are compression rings
(sealing the compression pressure in
the cylinder)
The third is an oil ring (scrapes
excessive oil from the cylinder walls)

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 Piston Rings

Four stroke: Three rings

Top two are compression rings
(sealing
the compression pressure in the
cylinder)
and the third is an oil ring (scrapes
excessive oil from the cylinder walls)

Two Stroke: Two Rings

Both the rings are Compression rings.

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Cylinder head

Part that covers and encloses the

Cylinder
It contains cooling fins or water jackets
and the valves, valve guides, valve
springs, intake manifold and exhaust
manifold
Some engines contains the cam shaft
in the cylinder head
Material of cylinder head is cast iron or
aluminum alloy

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 Engine Parts
Valves

• Exhaust Valve lets the exhaust gases escape the

combustion Chamber (Diameter is smaller than Intake valve)
• Intake Valve lets the air or air fuel mixture to enter the
combustion chamber (Diameter is larger than the
exhaust valve)
• Valve are made of alloy steel. Some times are sodium filled to

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Valve Springs

Keeps the valves Closed

Valve Lifters
Rides the cam lobe and helps
in opening the valves

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Different arrangement
of valve and
camshaft

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Cam Shaft
The shaft that has
Intake and Exhaust
cams for operating the
valves

Cam Lobe
Changes rotary motion
into reciprocating motion

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Spark Plug
It provides the means of ignition when
the gasoline engine’s piston is at the
end of compression stroke, close to Top
Dead Center(TDC)

The difference between a "hot" and a "cold" spark

plug is that the ceramic tip is longer on the hotter plug
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Flywheel
Attached to the crankshaft
Reduces vibration
Cools the engine (air cooled)
Used during initial start-up
Transfers power from engine to
drive train

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Components
Water Pump
Cooling Fan
Radiator
Pressure Cap
Thermostat
Clamps and hoses
Overflow tank

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Parts of lubrication system
Oil sump
Strainer
Oil pump
Oil filter
Oil pressure gauge
Pressure relief valve
(Engine oil lubricate and cleans the engine)

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 Engine combustion
Chamber

Fuel Tank

Fuel Carborator
Lift Pump
Filters

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Fuel Tank

Water Leak Off Fuel Injectors

Trap

Fuel
Lift Pump Fuel Injection
Filters Pump

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Cross-cut Diagram of Engine

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Working Principle of Four Stroke Engines

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A Four Cylinder, Four-stroke,
Otto Cycle Engine

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