The document discusses trigonometric substitutions for integration, where the variable of integration is replaced with a trigonometric function like tangent, sine, or secant. It notes that substitutions should be reversible so the original variable can be recovered. Examples are provided to demonstrate using trig substitutions with integrals and applying the necessary conditions for each type of substitution.
The document discusses trigonometric substitutions for integration, where the variable of integration is replaced with a trigonometric function like tangent, sine, or secant. It notes that substitutions should be reversible so the original variable can be recovered. Examples are provided to demonstrate using trig substitutions with integrals and applying the necessary conditions for each type of substitution.
The document discusses trigonometric substitutions for integration, where the variable of integration is replaced with a trigonometric function like tangent, sine, or secant. It notes that substitutions should be reversible so the original variable can be recovered. Examples are provided to demonstrate using trig substitutions with integrals and applying the necessary conditions for each type of substitution.
Trigonometric substitutions occur when we replace the
variable of integration by a trigonometric functions. The most common substitutions are: x = a tan θ ; x = a sin θ; and x = a sec θ Why and where do we substitute? Trigonometric Substitutions Trigonometric Substitutions
Note: We want any substitutions to be reversible so that
we can change to the original variable afterward. For instance, if we set x = a tan θ, we should be able to go back to x by setting θ = tan– 1 (x/a) after the integration takes place. Similarly for x = a sin θ and x = a sec θ What are the conditions we need to set in each case? Procedure Example 1 Example 1 (Continued) Example 2 Example 3 Example 3