GROUP 1

Earth and Life Science

SKELETAL SYSTEM
Group 1 | 11-ABM
 SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Skeletal System is your body’s central framework

• Provides support and protection for the body’s internal organs

and gives the muscles a point of attachment.

• Human skeleton is made up 206 bones

• There are five main parts of the skeletal system; skull, vertebral
column, collarbone, shoulder blades, rib cage, pelvic girdle, and
the bones of the hands, arms, feet, and legs.
Two Main
Divisions of
Skeletal System
 Two Main Divisions of Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

- the bones in your skull, ossicles

- the bones of the hands, feet,
(small bones) of your middle ear,
upper extremity, lower extremity,
hyoid bone of your neck,
shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones
vertebra (bones of your spine)
and thoracic cage (ribcage).
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Skeletal System:
Parts and its Functions

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Frontal Bone

- Also referred to as the brain’s

protective case.
- Two main functions; supporting the
head’s structures and protecting the
brain, including the eys and nasal
passages.
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Parietal bone

- It helps to shape and protect the brain

as a component of the neurocranium.
Also known as the os parietale, a flat,
paired cranial bone.
- Each bone protects the right and left
parietal lobes of the brain
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Zygomatic bones

- Help give shape and structure to the

face and are connected to the jaw and
bone near the ears, forehead and
skull.
- They protect the nerves and blood
vessels run through the front and
provide an attachement for muscles
that help the jaw more.
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Maxilla

- To provide protection of the face,

support the orbits, hold the top of the
teeth in place, and form the floor of the
nose
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Maxilla

- To provide protection of the face,

support the orbits, hold the top of the
teeth in place, and form the floor of the
nose
Mandible

- Largest and strongest bone in

human skull.
- Hold the lower teeth in place, it assist in
mastication, and forms the lower jawline.
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1st Rib

- Most superior of the twelve ribs.

- It protects the thoracic organs.
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1st Rib

- Most superior of the twelve ribs.

- It protects the thoracic organs.

1st Thoracic Vertebra

- To support the back.

- Their articulations with ribs allow them to proide
a protective cage around the delicate organs of
the thorax, including the heart and lungs.
LISTS:

• Manubrium
• Gladiolus
• 5th rib
• Xiphoid Process
• 12th Thoracic vertrebra
• 10th ribs
• Floating ribs

Parts and its Functions

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Manubrium

- Thickiest and strongest portion

of the sternum.
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Manubrium

- Thickiest and strongest portion

of the sternum.

Gladiolus

- Longest bone of the breastbone

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5th rib

- Directly articulate with the sternum

with their costal cartilage
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5th rib

- Directly articulate with the sternum

with their costal cartilage

Xiphoid Process

- Smallest region of the

sternum or the breastbone.
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12th thoracic vertebra

- Providing attachment for your ribs.

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12th thoracic vertebra

- Providing attachment for your ribs.

10th ribs

- Courses around your body and

attaches to a network of cartilage with
the eight and ninth ribs above it.
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Floating ribs

- Two lowermost; the eleventh

and the twelve rib pairs.
 LISTS:

• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Ulna
• Radius
• Carpals
• Phalanges
• Metacarpals

Parts and its Functions

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Clavicle

- Also called collarbone, curved anterior

bone of the shpulder, it functions as strut
to support the shoulder
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Clavicle

- Also called collarbone, curved anterior

bone of the shpulder, it functions as strut
to support the shoulder
Scapula

- Also known as the shoulder blade, a pair of

triangular bones at the back of the shoulder.
- The scapula connects the collarbone with
the upper bone. Also called shoulder blade.
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Humerus

- The humerus serves as an attachment to

13 muscles which contribute to the
movements of the hand and elbow, and
therefore the function of the upper limb.
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Ulna

- The ulna is longer of the two bones

in your forearm. It helps you move
your arm, wrist and hand. Your ulna
also supports lots of important
muscles, tendons, ligaments and
blood vessels.
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Radius

- To articulate with the ulna and humerus at

the elbow to provide supination and
pronation. Then to articulate with the lunate
and scaphoid to provide all the movements
of the wrist.
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Carpals

- The carpal bones allow the wrist to move

and rotate vertically.

Phalanges of Thumb and Fingers

- They provide strength to the

metacarpophalangeal joints.
- The phalanges function to allow us to grip
and hold onto objects.
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Metacarpals

- In humans the five metacarpals are flat at

the back of the ahnd and bowed on the
palmar side; they form a longitudinal arch
that accommodates the muscles, tendons,
and nerves of the palm.
LISTS:

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
• Pelvic Cavity
• Femur

Parts and its Functions

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Ilium

- Is the widest and largest of the three

parts of the hip bone.
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Ilium

- Is the widest and largest of the three

parts of the hip bone.

Pubis

- Is the most anterior portion of the hip bone.

It consists of a body, superior rams and
inferior ramus.
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Ischium

- Forms the posteroin ferior part of the

hip bone. Much like the pubis, it is
composed of a body, an inferior ramus
and superior ramus.
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Ischium

- Forms the posteroin ferior part of the

hip bone. Much like the pubis, it is
composed of a body, an inferior ramus
and superior ramus.

Sacrum

- Forms the posterior pelvic wall and

strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis.
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Coccyx

- Also known as the tailbone, is a small,

triangular bone resembling a shortened
tail located at the bottom of the spine.
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Pelvic Cavity

- Functions as house space for the

urinary bladder, pelvic colon, internal
structures and tissues including muscles,
arteries, veins, nerves and the pelvic
connective tissue.
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Femur

- Is the longest, heaviest, and strongest

- Bone sin the human body.
 LISTS:

• Patella
• Fibula
• Tibia
• Talus
• Navicular
• Metatarsus

Parts and its Functions

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Patella

- Longest sasamoid bone in the

human body and is located anterior
to knee joint within the tendon of
the quadriceps famoris muscle,
providing an attachment point for
both the quadriceps tendon and
the pattelar ligament.
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Fibula

- A long bone in the lower extremity that is

positioned on the lateral side of the tibia.

Tibia

- A second longest bone in your body. It

plays an important role in how you stand,
move and keep your balance.
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Talus

- A small bone in your ankle. It’s

sometimes called the astragalus bone.
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Navicular

- The navicular is a wedge-shaped bone

that articulates with five tarsal bones
(talus, cuboid, an dthree cuneiform
bones) forming syndesmotic joints. It is
located in the midfoot tgether with the
cuboid and three cuneiform bones.

The five Tarsal Bone are;

Talus, Cuboid, Three Cuneiform bones
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Phalanges of Toes

- The 15 bones that make up the toes. The

big toe consists the two phalanges – the
distal and proximal. The other toes have
three. Sesamoids – two small, pea-
shapedbone sthat lie beneath the head of
the first metatarsal in the ball of the foot.
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Calcaneous

- Often called heel, the calcaneus is a large

and strong bone that froms the back of the
foot and transfers most of the body weight
form the lower extremity to the ground.
What are the different types of joints?
These are many types of joints, including joints that don’t
move in adults, such as the suture joints in the skull. Joints
that don’t move are called fixed. Other joints may move a
little, such as the vertebrae.

Examples of mobile joints include the following:

• Ball-and-Sacket Joints
• Hinge Joints
• Pivot Joints
• Ellipsoidal Joints
Ball-and-socket joint.

- ball-socket joints such as the shoulder and

hip joints, allow backward, forward,
sideways, and rotating movements.

Hinge joints

- Hinge joints, such as in the fingers,

knees, elbows, and toes., allow only
bending and straightening movements.
Pivot Joints

- Pivot joints, such as the neck

joints, allow limited rotating
movements.

Ellipsoidal Joints

- Ellipsoidal Joints, such as the wrist joint, allow all

types of movement except pivotal movements.
THANK YOU !
Reporters:

Jaeva Gaile Jumao-as

Angel Grace Eliodra
Meriebel Mecares
Nor-haniya Palawan
Rayhana Saripada