Group D

Name ID

Ahmed Dahir Mohamed 132283

Falhad Abshir Hassan 132684
Hamdi Ahmed Hefow 131523
Hodan Mohamed Abdi 132633
Khalid Abdullahi Mohamud 131908
Mohamed Ibrahim Adam 132912
Mohamed Farah Hashi 131935
Mohamed Nor Ibrahim 131662
 Histology

CARTILAGE
 CARTILAGE
• Cartilage is a type of connective tissue
derived from mesenchyme, in which the
ground substance is hardened and provides
support.
 CARTILAGE
• It is a form of
connective tissue
composed of cells
called chondrocytes
and a highly
specialized
extracellular matrix
 CARTILAGE

• Matrix is solid and

firm
• Does not contain
vessels or nerves.
• Is surrounded by a
layer of dense
connective tissue, the
perichondrium
 FUNCTIONS OF
CARTILAGE TISSUE
• Firm consistency of the extracellular matrix
allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses
without permanent distortion
• Supports soft tissues.
• Shock-absorbing because it is resilient.
• Smooth surface allows sliding .
• Essential for growth, development of bone.
 TYPES OF CARTILAGE
• Hyaline cartilage
• Elastic cartilage
• Fibrous cartilage
 HYALINE CARTILAGE
• Cells embedded in
clear matrix(hyalos
meaning glass)

• Perichondrium on
surface

• Chondrocytes are located

in lacunae
 HYALINE CARTILAGE
• Bluish white color.

• Strong, rubbery,
flexible tissue.
 CHONDROCYTES

• Produce and maintain

extra cellular matrix.
• Either single or in
isogenous groups .
• Fat droplets, glycogen
granules are found in
cytoplasm.
• Active ones are more
basophilic.
 LOCATION
Found at
• ends of bones
• nose
• trachea
• larynx
 PERICHONDRIUM
• Dense CT that
covers cartilage
• Contains blood,
nerve supply,
lymphatics.
• Source of new
cartilage cells
 PERICHONDRIUM
• Divided into two layers
Inner cellular
Outer fibrous
 ELASTIC CARTILAGE
• Similar to hyaline
cartilage but has
elastic fibers
running in all
directions in
addition to
collagen.
 ELASTIC CARTILAGE
• The properties of elastin
and the fibers it forms
give elastic cartilage its
ability to be deformed and
to spring back into shape
immediately. The
chondrocytes are more
tightly packed together
than is the case in hyaline
cartilage
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
ELASTIN STAIN
 ELASTIC CARTILAGE
• Elastic cartilage is
found in
• pinna of the Ear
• walls of the
Eustachian tube
• Epiglottis
all places in which the
maintenance of a specific
shape is important to
proper function
 FIBROCARTILAGE
• Chondrocytes with dense
connective tissue.
• No surrounding
perichondrium.
• Rounded nuclei belong to
chondrocytes.
• In fibrous areas some
nuclei are flat, they are of
fibroblasts.
• Contain type I and type II
collagen.
 FIBROCARTILAGE
• Chondrocytes may lie
singly or in pairs, but
most often they form
short rows between
dense bundles of
collagen fibers.
FIBROCARTILAGE
•Collagen type I is dominant
in fibrous cartilage
 FIBROCARTILAGE
is typically found in
relation to joints
• intra-articular lips,
disks and menisci
• intervertebral disks
• symphysis pubis.
 GROWTH OF CARTILAGE
• Growth is attributable to two processes:
– Interstitial growth
• Mitotic division of preexisting chrondrocytes
• Synthesis of matrix
• Expands cartilage matrix from within
• Occurs in epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage
– Appositional growth
• Differentiation of perichondrial cells  chondroblasts
• Synthesis of matrix
• Increase in girth
 REPAIR OF HYALINE
CARTILAGE
• Can tolerate considerable amount of stress
• Limited ability to repair Because of
1. Immobility of chodrocytes
2. Less ability of chodrocytes to proliferate
3. Avascularity
4. When hyaline cartilage calcifies it is
replaced by bone
Thank you for listening
Group D Presentation