the use of a word or phrase whose 

meaning depends on who is talking, who they are 

talking to, where they are
 “Deiktikos”
pointing indicating
The process of pointing via language
Deictic expression
 Who is speaking
 The time or place of speaking
 The gestureof the speaker
 The current location in the discourse
The meaning of deictic expression can be understood only in terms of
speakers intended meaning

Speaker B Speaker A

A: Have you seen this?

B: You asked me that before ?
But I was not here then
 Time

Place

A: Have you seen this?

Person Discourse B: You asked me that before ?
But I was not here then
Indexical
 Here, this, that
 Then, now
 I, we, he, her, them
Indexical
 It is now 11:00
 This is mike
 Litizea was the mother of napoleon

 Have you been in this country long ?

Person Deixis :
Concerns the encoding role participants

1. The speaker’s reference to himself

I/Me, We/Us
2. The speaker’s reference to the addresses(s)
You (SG), You (PL)
3. The speaker’s reference to other person and entities
(He/Him, She/Her, It, They/Them)
Person Deixis
NOTE
Where face-to-face meeting is lost, languages often enforce
a distinct mode of.
Example:
1. I’m Rahayu (face-to-face meeting)
2. This is Rahayu/Rahayu is speaking (telephone)
Place Deixis :
Concerns the encoding of spatial locations relative to the location of participant

 Identifying entities
this/these, that/those
 Informing about location

here/there, above/below
 “Acknowledging” locations

Come/go
E.g. Linda come into the school/ Linda go to the school
Place Deixis :
Spatial Deictic System

Proximal Distal
Time Deixis
Concerns the encoding temporal points and spans
relative to the time at which an utterence was spoken

Last Year This afternoon Tomorrow

Yesterday Today Soon
Before Now

Before u Moment of untterence (U) After u

Time Deixis (Tense)
Coding Time : CT
Receiving Time : RT

“It is raining now, but I hope when you read this it will be sunny”

ET DT
Discourse Deixis
Concern the use of expressions within some utterence to
refer to some portion of the discourse that contains that
utterence (including the utterence itself)
Time-diectic Place-diectic
In the last chapter I bet you haven’t heard this
In the next chapter story ( )
That was the funniest story I’ve
ever heard ( )
nb : forthcoming portion ( )
precceding portion ( )
Social Deixis
Concern the encoding relative role participant, particularly
aspect of social relationship between speaker and addresse(s)

E.g.
I haven’t heard yet about how he could die
Grandmother had passed away in 2006
 Article Related to Deixis
DEIXIS ON TRIBUN KALTIM HEADLINE “ANAS MELAWAN TITAH
SBY” ON FEBRUARY 10th, 2013 (A PRAGMATIC STUDY)
Afritta Dwi Martyawati
Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

The study analyzed the use of deixis in the Tribun Kaltim newspaper entitled "Anas Against SBY's Decree". This study aims
to determine how the use of deixis in newspapers.
 Article Related to Deixis

 Personal Deixis
 (1) “......., saya bangga dan optimis bisa menangkan Pilkada Lebak. Saya juga yakin Demokrat masih bisa menang
2014,” ujar Anas.

 (2) “Untuk urusan internal, saya punya etika organisasi. Saya tidak akan banyak bicara,” ujarnya.
 Article Related to Deixis

 Spasial Deixis
 ((22) “Dalam rapat itu Ketua Majelis Tinggi (SBY) mengatakan bahwa Anas Urbaningrum tetap Ketua Umum dan Wakil
Majelis Tinggi,” ujar Anas..... (23) “Melihat kondisi seperti ini, saya bangga dan optimis bisa menangkan Pilkada
Lebak......,” ujar Anas.....
 (24) “Partai Demokrat itu solid....,” jelas Anas.
 (25) “Ini kan keputusan revolusioner, tidak lihat AD/ART,” kata Mubarok. (26) “Ini menguji loyalitas,” tegas Ruhut. (27)
Teman Anas sesama kader HMI yahni Ramdansyah menyatakan bahwa Anas tetap tenang menerima keputusan ini
 Article Related to Deixis

 Spasial Deixis
 (28) ... sembilan jam setelah SBY mengumumkan pengambilalihan kendali Demokrat .....

 (29) Sebelumnya, SBY mengatakan bahwa Majelis Tinggi mengambil alih kendali DPD dan DPC Demokrat seIndonesia.


 (30) Menurutnya, semua yang dialami sekarang ini akan membuat partainya lebih dewasa dan menjadi lebih besar.