Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

Chuang 5

BO TRUYEN TRUC VIT - BANH VIT

5.1. KHAl NIEM CHUNG

5.1.1. Nguyen ly lam viec

Hinh 5.1. Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

Bo truyen true vit-banh vit (goi tat la bo truyen true vit) lam viec theo nguyen ly an khdp, dffde xep vao
loai truyen dong rang-vit, ket hdp giffa bo truyen banh rang va vit. Bo truyen true vit-banh vit gom true vit
va banh vit an khdp vdi nhau nen khi true vit quay se truyen ehuyen dong va ed nang sang banh vit.

5.1.2. Phan loai

- Theo hinh dang mat ehia eua true vit:

■ True vit trn: mat ehia true vit la mat tm.
■ True vit Globoid (true vit lom).

a) b)
Hinh 5.2. a)True vit tru; b) True vit Globoid

- Theo hinh dang ren eua true vit:

■ True vit Arehimede: giao tuyeh giffa mat ren va mat phang ehtfa dudng tam true la dffdng thang. Giao
tuyen giffa mat ren va mat phang vuong goe vdi dffdng tam true la dffdng xoan Arehimede.

Bm. Thiet ke may 63

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TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

■ True vit Convolute: giao tuyen giffa mat ren va mat phang vuong goc vdi phffdng ren la dffdng
thang. Giao tuyen giffa mat ren va mat phang vuOng gOc vdi dffdng tam true la dffdng xoan
Convolute.
■ True vit than khai: giao tuyen giffa mat ren va mat tiep tuyen vdi mat tru cd sd la dffdng thang.
Giao tuyen giffa mat ren va mat phang vuong goc vdi dffdng tam true la dffdng than khai.

Hinh 5.3. a) True vit Arehimede; b) True vit Convolute; e) True vit than khai

- Theo so" moi ren:

■ True vit mot moi ren.
■ True vit nhieu moi ren: zx = 1, 2, (3), 4, (6).

5.1.3. Cu, nhutfc diem va pham vi sd1 dung

a. Vu diem:
- Ti so" truyen ldn.
- Lam viec em, khong on.
- Co kha nang tff ham.
- Co do chinh xac dong hoc cao.

b. Nhu'tfc diem:
- Hieu suat thap, sinh nhiet nhieu do co van to"c trffdt ldn.
- Vat lieu che" tao banh vit lam bang kim loai mau de giam ma sat nen kha dat tien.

c. Pham vi sU dung:

- Chi sff dung cho pham vi cong suat khong qua 60kW (do hieu suat thap).
- Co ti so" truyen ldn nen dffdc sff dung rang rai trong cac cd ca"u phan do.
- Co kha nang ttf ham nen thffdng sff dung trong cac cd cau nang nhff can tmc, tdi___

5.2. THONG SO HiNH HOC

5.2.1. TrUdng hdp khong dich chinh

Trong trffdng hdp nay thi dffdng kinh vong lan bang dffdng kinh vong chia. a. True vit

Bm. Thiet ke may 64

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TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chudng 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

a) b)
Hinh 5.4. a) Mat eat doe true vit; b) Goe xoan oe vit

Thong so" hinh hoc COng thtfc

GOc bien dang ren a = 200

Btfdc ren (btfdc doc) true vit (khong bat buoe p = mx

do tren eung mot dudng xoan oe)
Modun doc cua truc vit = modun ngang cua
P
banh vit (tieu chuan) m=—x
He so" dtfdng kinh (tieu chuan) (bang 7.2, q
trang 275, tai lieu [1])
Btfdng kinh vong chia cua truc vit d = mq

So" moi ren truc vit z

i

Btfdc xoan o"c Pzl = ZlP

(do tren eung mot dudng xoan oe)

Goc nang ren (goc xoan o"c)

p
zl ZlP zx tgy= z = 1 = 1
xdl xmq q
h=m
Chieu cao dau ren a
1
Chieu cao chan ren hfi = 1,2m

Btfdng kinh vong dinh d = d + 2m

Btfdng kinh vong day df = d ~ 2,4m

1 > Ci + C2 Z2
b

Cac gia tri C1 va C2 xac dinh nhtf sau:

Chieu dai phan cat ren truc vit
- Neu z1 = 1, 2 thi C1 = 11 va C2 = 0.06
- Neu z1 = 4 thi C1 = 12,5 va C2 = 0,09

Cac day modun tieu chuan:

Day 1 m (mm) 1; 1,25; 1,6; 2; 2,5; 3,15; 4; 5; 6,3; 8; 10; 12,5; 16; 20; 25
Day 2 m (mm) 1,5; 3; 3,5; 6; 7; 12

Bm. Thiet ke may -65- TS. Bui Trong Hieu

Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

b. Bank vit

Hinh 5.5. Mat eat vuong goe true vit

Thong so" hinh hoc Cong thUc

P
Modun ngang banh vit = modun doc cua truc m=
vit (tieu chuan) n
So" rang banh vit
(ehon z2 > 28 de tmnh eat ehan rang) 2
Z

Btfdng kinh vong chia cua banh vit d2 = mz2

h=m
Chieu cao dau rang a
2

Chieu cao chan rang hfi = 1,2m

Btfdng kinh vong dinh dai = d + 2m

Btfdng kinh vong day df = d2 - 2,4m

Btfdng kinh ldn nhat 6m

aM2
~ aa + z + 2
Khi z = 1,2 thi b2 < 0,75 d^ Khi z = 4 thi b2
Be rong banh vit
< 0,67 d^

Khoang cach truc

d
1 + d2 m
a — — (z + q) 2 2

Goc nghieng cua rang banh vit P=r

sin 5 =-b?-, thong thtfdng 28 = 1000

Goc om truc vit bdi banh vit
d - 0,5m
a
1

5.2.2. Trufrng hrfp co dich chinh

Be chon khoang each true a theo tieu chuan, ta can phai dich chinh rang. Vi cat banh vit khi khong dich chinh
hoac dich chinh deu dung dao cO hinh dang va kich thtfdc giong truc vit, nen dich chinh chi tie"n hanh dot
vdi rang cua banh vit.

Bm. Thiet ke may 66

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TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

- He so" dich chinh xac dinh theo cong thtfc:

a
x =--0,5(z2 + q) (5.1)
m

De dam bao dieu kien khOng cat chan rang va nhon dinh rang, he s0" dich chinh: - 0,7 < x < 0,7 .

- Dtfdng kinh vong lan cua truc vit:

d
w = (q+2x) m (5.2)

Dtfdng kinh vong dinh cua banh vit:

d
a2 = (Z2 + 2 + 2X) m (5.3)

Dtfdng kinh vong day cua banh vit:

df = (^ - 2,4 + 2x)m (5.4)

- Cac kich thtfdc con lai khong thay doi khi dich chinh.

5.3. TI SO TRUYEN, VAN TOC VONG VA VAN TOC TRCOT 5.3.1. Ti so"

truyen

- Ti so" truyen bo truyen truc vit:

n l z2
u=— (5.5)
=—
n
2 Z
1
Ti so" truyen dtfdc chon theo day tieu chuan sau, gia tri u thtfc te" khong dtfdc sai lech qua 4% so vdi gia
tri tieu chuan:

Day 1 8; 10; 12,5; 16; 20; 25; 31,5; 40; 50; 63; 80
Day 2 9; 11,2; 14; 18; 22,4; 28; 35,5; 45; 56; 71

5.3.2. Van toc vong

- Trong bo truyen truc vit, van to"c vong cua truc vit va banh vit co phtfdng vuong goc nhau.

- Van to"c vong tren truc vit:

nd1n1
v
i= (5.6)
60000

- Van to"c vong tren banh vit:

Tud2n2
V
2 = 60000 (5.7)

trong do, n, n2: so" vong quay cua truc vit va banh vit, (vdng/phut), d, d2:

dtfdng kinh cua truc vit va banh vit, (mm).

Bm. Thiet ke may 67
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TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

5.3.3. Van toc trutft

Hinh 5.6. Phuong, ehieu van toe truot

- Khi truyen dong, cac mat ren cua true vit se trUdt tren be mat rang cua banh vit. Van toc trUdt V hudng
theo phUdng tiep tuyen cua dudng xoan oc mat ren tmc vit bdi vi:
v dn mz2n
tgX = 2 = 22 = 22
(5.8)
V dn mq—
nz
Thay u = —2 = -2 vao (5.8), ta dUdc: n2 -1

tgX =--2-1 = — = tgy (5.9)

q-2 q

Suy ra X = y, tUc la V song song vdi trUdt (phUdng tiep tuyen cua dudng xoan oc mat ren truc vit).

V. = -^ = V__V1 zi 1-1+q2
- Ta co: (5.10)
cosy 1
q
V1+g y

md— yjzf + q2 _
OV= (5.11)
60000 q 19100

(5.12)

— : so" vong quay cua truc vit, vong/phut,

T : moment xoan tren banh vit, Nmm,

- Ta co the chon cap chinh xac cho bo truyen truc vit theo van toc trUdt nhu bang 7.4, trang
278, tai lieu [1].

Bm. Thiet ke may -68- TS. Bui Trong Hieu

Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

5.4. HIEU SUAT BO TRUYEN TRUC VIT

- Hieu suat bo truyen true vit khi true vit dan dong (giam toc) dudc xac dinh theo cong thtfc:

tgy (5.13)
7 = tg (y + v')

vdi v'= arctgf' la goc ma sat thay the. He so" ma sat thay the" f' phu thuoc vao van toc trudt, dtfdc xac dinh
theo bang 7.5, trang 280, tai lieu [1] neu vat lieu tmc vit la thep va banh vit bang dong thanh co thie"c.

Khi ke de"n mat mat cong suat do khuay dau thi:

77 = (0.9 ^ 0,95) tgy (5.14)

tg (y + v)

Nhtf vay, khi tang y thi hieu suat bo truyen tang, nhtfng y < 25.

0,048
■ Truc vit lam bang thep, banh vit lam bang dong thanh: f' = —
0,36
v s

0,06
m
Vs

- Khi tinh toan sd bo vi chtfa biet v5 va y, hieu suat bo truyen truc vit co the tinh theo ti so" truyen hoac theo he so"
ma sat thay the" nhtf sau:

u
7* 0,9(1--) (5.15)
200

7* 1 - 2,875f 'C1 + -) (5.16)

1 Z2
Z

- Hieu suat bo truyen truc vit khi banh vit dan dong (tang tbc) dtfdc xac dinh theo cong thtfc:

7 = Iggy-n (5 1
t
gy

Neu y <V thi 7 < 0. Vay, bo truyen truc vit ttf ham khi y <V ■

5.5. PHAN TICH LCC TAC DUNG 5.5.1. Ltfc tac dung

Bm. Thiet ke may - 69 -

TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

Hinh 5.7. Lue tae dung len bo truyen true vit a) So do lue; b) Mat eat doe true
vit; e) Lue tae dung len true vit.

Lpc vong Ft Lpc doc

Lpc an khdp true Fa Lpc htfdng
tam Fr

- Lpc vong truc vit bang lpc doc truc banh vit:
2T
(5.18)
F = F = -T-
4
“2 d
- Lpc vong banh vit bang lpc doc truc truc vit:
2T
(5.19)
F = F =-T--
t2 ai
d
- Lpc htfdng tam truc vit va banh vit bang nhau:
1 = Fr- * F-tga
F

(5.20)

- Trong cac cong thtfc tren, T la moment xoan tren truc vit va T2 la moment xoan tren banh vit. Giffa T va T2
co mol lien he sau:
T = T Fu (5.21)
- Qui tac xac dinh phudng, chieu lu’c tac dung len bo truyen truc vit tuWng tp nhtf bo truyen banh rang.

5.5.2. Tai trong tinh

Doi vdi bo truyen truc vit, he so" tai trong tinh khi tinh toan theo u"ng suat tiep xuc va Png suat uon bang
nhau:

KH KVK,
(5.22)

Bm. Thiet ke may -70 -

TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

trong do, Kv : he so" tai trong dong (tra bang 7.6, trang 283, tai lieu [1]),
Kp : he so" tap trung tai trong, khi tai trong ngoai khong doi thi Kp = 1; khi tai trong ngoai thay doi thi
Kp = 1,06 ^1,2. Gia tri K^ cang ldn khi q cang nho va khi z2 cang ldn.

5.6. CAC DANG HONG VA CHI TIEU TINH

5.6.1. Cac dang hong

Bo truyen true vit co cac dang hong giong nhtf bo truyen banh rang. Tuy nhien, do van toc trtfdt ldn nen cac
dang hong chu yeu cua bo truyen truc vit la dinh va mdn rang.
■ Hien tutfng dinh: cac hat (mang) kim loai cua rang banh vit khi bi ddt ra se dinh chat vao mat ren truc
vit (ren truc vit co do ran cao hdn), khien mat ren truc vit trd nen san sui, lam mai mon nhanh mat
rang banh vit.
■ MOn be mat rang: do co hien ttfdng trtfdt tren be mat tiep xuc nen lam giam tuoi tho va do chinh xac
cua bo truyen. Rang banh vit mon nhieu se bi gay.
■ TrOc rO be mat rang: xay ra chu yeu d cac bo truyen lam bang vat lieu co do ben chong dinh cao
(nhtf dong thanh).

5.6.2. Chi tieu tinh

■ Tinh theo do ben tiep xue: de tranh hien ttfdng dinh.
■ Tinh theo do ben uon: de tranh mon nhieu gay ra gay rang.
Bo truyen truc vit dtfdc tinh toan chu yeu theo do ben tiep xuc, kiem tra theo do ben uon. Chi khi banh vit co
so" rang ldn (z2 > 100) va modun nho, hoac cac bo truyen quay tay thi tinh theo do ben uon la chu yeu.

5.7. VAT LIEU CHE TAO TRUC VIT, BANH VIT (SV tu doe trong tai lieu [1])

■ True vit:
- Thep C45 : toi be mat dat do ran 40+48 HRC.
- Thep 20,15: tha"m than.

■ Bank vit:
- Neu vs > 5 m/s : dong thanh thiec.

- Neu 2 < v < 5 m/s : dong thanh khong thiec.

- Neu v < 2 m/s : gang xam va gang bien tinh.

5.8. TINH TOAN BO TRUYEN TRUC VIT

5.8.1. 0ng suat cho phep a. tine suat tiep xuc cho

phep:
Banh vit cO rang che" tao ttt dOng thanh thiec (ab < 300 Mpa): dng suat tiep xuc cho phep chon
■

theo dieu kien chong troc ro be mat rang.

Bm. Thiet ke may -JI¬ TS. Bui Trong Hieu

Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

[&H ] = (0,76 ^ 0,9)°bKHLCv (5.23)

trong do, ab : gidi han ben keo cua vat lieu, tra bang 7.8, trang 285, tai lieu [1],
Cv: he so" xet de"n anh htfdng cua van toc trtfdt, tra bang 7.9, trang 285, tai lieu [1],
KHL : he so" tuoi tho xac dinh theo cong thtfc:

107
K
HL = 8 (5-24)
N.HE
N f ^ '\4 (5.25)
T
2i
NHE = 60^
T
i=i V T 2 y

vdi Nff£.: so" chu ky lam viec ttfdng dtfdng, neb NHE > 2,6.108 thi lay NHE = 2,6.108 chu

ky,
n., T2i, t: so" vong quay trong mot phut, moment xoan tren banh vit va
thdi gian lam viec tinh bang gid trong che" do lam viec thd i,
T : moment ldn nhat trong cac gia tri T2i.

■ Banh vit co rang che" tao ttt dong thanh khong co thiec (ob > 300 Mpa): tfng suat tiep xuc cho phep
chon theo dieu kien chong dinh, phu thuoc vao vs :

[*H ] = (276 - 300) - 25 v (5.26)

■ Banh vit lam bang gang:

[°H ] = (176...200) - 35v (5.27)

b. fine suat uon cho phep:

■ Banh vit bang dong thanh, quay mot chieu

106
[
&F ] = (0,25^h + 0,08^b )1 (5.28)
N FE

trong do, ach, <rb: gidi han chay va gidi han ben cua vat lieu, tra bang 7.8, trang 285, tai lieu [1 ],
NPE : so" chu ky tai trong trfdng dudng xac dinh theo cong thtfc:

N f T1 ^\9
N
FE = Z
60 T
14 nt, (5.29)
T
i
= 1 VT 2 y

vdi n, T2i, t: so" vong quay trong mot phut, moment xoan tren banh vit va
thdi gian lam viec tinh bang gid trong che" do lam viec thtf i,
T : moment ldn nhat trong cac gia tri T2i.
Neu Nm > 2,6.108 thi lay NPE = 2,6.108; neu Npp < 106 thi la"y Nm = 106.

Bm. Thiet ke may -72- TS. Bui Trong Hieu

Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

■ Banh vit bang gang

- Banh vit quay mot chieu:
- Banh vit quay hai chieu :
[ap ] = 0,12 abp (5.30)

[ap ] = 0,075 GbP (5.31)

vdi abF la gidi han ben uon cua vat lieu.

5.8.2. Tinh toan bo truyen true vit - COng thtfc thiet

ke": (tinh khoang each true a)

f 2
a \V C+
2Jz
3 170 T2 KH (q / (5.32)
V [°H ],
trong do, q : he so" drfdng kinh, ^2)
T2 : moment xoan tren banh vit, Nmm,
Ti so q « 0,26 ,
Z
2
KH : he so" tai trong tinh tinh theo (5.22).

Sau khi co khoang cach truc a, ta tinh modun m theo cong thtfc:

m =-^ (5.33)
2+q
z

Chon m theo gia tri tieu chuan, tinh lai khoang cach truc a. Neu co yeu cau, ta co the chon a theo tieu chuan,
neu can thiet phai dich chinh rang.

- Trh&ng hdp bO truyen h^, quay tay hoac khi sO" rang banh vit ldn (z2 > 100) : ta thiet ke" banh vit theo
do ben uon. Khi do xac dinh modun theo cong thdc sau:
1,5,T2.Yp .Kp
m 3 (5.35)
z 2q [ap]

Bm. Thiet ke may 73

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TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

5.9. TINH TOAN NHIET

Do lam viec vdi ma sat ldn nen trong bo truyen true vit sinh ra rat nhieu nhiet lam dau boi trdn bi nong len.
Khi nhiet do dau vtfdt qua gia tri cho phep [tmax]=950C se lam giam do nhdt cua dau va hien ttfdng dinh co
the xay ra. Do do, can phai tinh toan nhiet theo phtfdng trinh can bang nhiet sau:

1000 p (1 — v) = AKT (t -10 )(1 + Y) (5.36)

trong do, p : cong suat tren tmc vit, kW,

V : hieu suat bo truyen,

A : dien tich be mat toa nhiet (vach hop), m2,

K : he so" toa nhiet co gia tri 12 ^18 W/(m2.0C),

t : nhiet do cua dau,0 C,

t0 : nhiet do moi trtfdng,0C,

^ : he so" toa nhiet qua be may (day), thong thtfdng bang 0,3.

TO cong thtfc (5.36), ta suy ra cong thtfc xac dinh nhiet do dau boi trdn khi lam viec:

1000 p (1 -v) (5.37)

t
= t0 + ■ < [t]
AKr (1 + ^)

vdi [t] = 75 ^ 850C: nhiet do cho phep cua dau boi trdn.

Be giam t thi phai tang cuftng bien phap thoat nhiet nhtf lam gian toa nhiet, quat, ntfdc lam nguoi.

5.10. KET CAU VA BOI TRdN BO TRUYEN TRUC VIT (SV tu doe trong tai lieu [1 ])

5.11. TRiNH TC THIET KE BO TRUYEN TRUC VIT (SV tu doe trong tai lieu [1])

Thong so" dau vao: cong suat p , van to"c goc o2 (hoac so" vong quay n va ti so" truyen
u ), dieu kien lam viec cua bo truyen.
Thtfc hien theo cac butfc sau:

1. Xac dinh ti so" truyen u=— .

'—2
2. Dtf doan van to"c trtfdt vs theo cong thdc (5.12). Chon vat lieu banh vit, tmc vit, phtfdng phap che" tao,

nhiet luyen, cap chinh xac.

3. Tinh dng suat cho phep [aH ] va [ap ] theo muc 5.8.1.

Bm. Thiet ke may -74 -

TS. Bui Trong Hieu
Bai giang CHI TIETMAY Chuong 5: Bo truyen true vit-banh vit

4. Chon so" moi ren zx, he so" dtfdng kinh q . Tinh z2 = uzy. Tinh chinh xac ti so" truyen u .

5. Chon sd bo q theo cong thtfc (5.15).

6. Tinh khoang cach truc a theo do ben tie"p xuc theo cong thtfc (5.32). Tinh modun theo cong thtfc (5.33)
va chon m theo tieu chuan. Sau do tinh lai khoang cach truc a. Neu a khong phai tieu chuan thi ta tie"n
hanh dich chinh rang banh vit. Ne"u bo truyen hd, quay tay hoac so" rang banh vit ldn thi ta tinh modun
theo cong thtfc (5.35).
7. Xac dinh cac kich thrfdc chinh cua bo truyen.

8. Kiem nghiem van toc trrfdt theo (5.11), he so" tai trong theo bang 7.6, trang 283, tai lieu [1], hieu suat
theo (5.14).
9. Ne"u vat lieu banh vit che" tao th dong thanh co do ran cao hoac gang thi tinh toan lai gia tri \aH ] vdi vs
vha tim drfdc. Gia tri vha tinh khong dtfdc ldn hdn 5% gia tri sd bo d muc 3.

10. Xac dinh so" rang ttfdng drfdng banh vit z . Chon he so" ^ theo bang 7.10, trang 291, tai lieu [1] va
kiem nghiem tfng suat uon cua banh vit theo (5.34).
11. Tinh toan nhiet theo (5.37).

12. Chon dau boi trdn theo bang 7.12, trang 295, tai lieu [1].

Bm. Thiet ke may 75

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TS. Bui Trong Hieu