Congruence

Year 8
Lesson Outcomes
• After this lesson, students will be able to,
• Understand the four rules of congruence
• Solve exercises involving congruence rules
Side–Side–Side (SSS)
• The three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides of the other triangle.
Angle – Side – Angle (ASA)
• Two angles and a side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the matching side in the other
triangle.
Side – Angle – Side (SAS)
• Two sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two sides of the other triangle, and
the angles in between these two sides are equal.
Right Angle–Hypotenuse–Side (RHS)
• Both triangles are right-angled and the hypotenuse and another side of one triangle are
equal to the hypotenuse and the matching side of the other triangle.

Right Angle
And there is Nothing as……

Angle, Angle, Angle (AAA) Congruence

Side, Side, Angle (SSA) Congruence

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (SSS Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (RHS Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Not Congruent (Side and angles NOT in corresponding places)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (ASA Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (ASA Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Not Congruent (No equal side)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Insufficient Information
Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (SAS Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (SAS Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Not Congruent
Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (ASA Rule)

Exercises 17C
• State whether these pair of triangles are congruent, Giving reasons for your answer.

• Congruent (ASA Rule)

Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent, what else can we deduce about them.

•  ABC ≅  PQR (ASA Rule)

•  ACB =  QRP
• AB = PQ
• BC = QR
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent, what else can we deduce about them.

•  JKL ≅  XYZ (SSS Rule)

•  JLK =  XYZ
•  JKL =  XZY
•  KJL =  ZXY
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent, what else can we deduce about them.

• Not Congruent
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent, what else can we deduce about them.

•  RST ≅  XYZ (SAS Rule)

•  SRT =  XYZ
•  TSR =  YXZ
• RS = XY
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent, what else can we deduce about them.

•  ABC ≅  CDE (ASA Rule)

•  ABC =  CDE
• BC = DC
• AB = ED
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent , what else can we deduce about them.

•  ABC ≅  DEF (SAS Rule)

•  ACB =  DEF
•  CAB =  EDF
• BC = EF
Exercises 17C
• Determine whether the triangles are congruent
• If the triangles are congruent , what else can we deduce about them.

• Not Congruent
Exercise

Prove that  AMB ≅  AMC and  BAM =  MAC

• In  AMB and  AMC, AB = BC (definition of isosceles triangle)

• BM = MC (M is midpoint of BC )
• AM is common to both triangles
• Therefore  AMB ≅  AMC (SSS)

• If two triangles are congruent, then angles of one triangle are equal to the
corresponding (matching) angles of the other triangle.
Therefore,  BAM =  MAC.

• It also proves that in an isosceles triangle the line from the mid point of
the base joining the bisects the vertical (apex) angle.
Exercise 17D

Consider the parallelogram ABCD

Copy and Complete
In  ABC and  CBD

•  ADB = (alternate angles)

•  ABD = (alternate angles)
• [BD] is common to both triangles
• Therefore  ADB ≅  BDC ( Rule)
•  DAB =

• What property of parallelograms has been proven here?

Exercise 17D

In  ABC and  CBD

•  ADB =  CBD (alternate angles)

•  ABD =  CDB (alternate angles)

• [BD] = [BD] (Common Side)

• Therefore  ADB ≅  BDC (ASA Rule)

•  DAB =  BCD

• It proves that opposite angles in a parallelogram

are equal
Exercise 17D

Consider the kite PQRS

• Use congruence to show that  QPR =  SPR and  QRP =  SRP

• What property of kite has been proven here?

Exercise 17D

Use congruence to show that  QPR =  SPR &  QRP =  SRP

• PQ = PS (Given)
• QR = SR (Given)

• PS = PS (Common Side)
• Therefore  PQR ≅  PRS (SSS Rule)
•  QPR =  SPR
•  QRP =  SRP

• It proves that in a kite a diagonal bisects pair of opposite angles ( QPR =  SPR and
 QRP =  SRP)
Exercise 17D

Consider the square ABCD

• Show that  ABC ≅  DAB
• Show that AC = DB
• What property of squares has been proven
Exercise 17D

In  ABC and  DAB

• AB = AB (Common side)
•  ABC =  CDB (Given)
• AD = BC (Given)
• Therefore  ABC ≅  DAB (SAS Rule)
Hence DB = AC

• It proves that Diagonals of a square are equal in length.

Exercise 17D
Use congruence to show that  QPR =  SPR &  QRP =  SRP
• PQ = PS (Given)

• QR = SR (Given)

• PS = PS (Common Side)
• Therefore  PQR ≅  PRS (SSS Rule)
•  QPR =  SPR
•  QRP =  SRP

• It proves that in a kite a diagonal bisects pair of opposite QPR =  SPR

angles
Thank You