READING

AND
WRITING
CLASS
SKILL
3
What is Linear Text?
• It is the most common type of reading; it focuses on the
arrangement of words, both grammatically and stylistically.
• There is only one reading path, which is decided by the author.
• Typically includes printed texts.
• It somehow takes time for the reader to find the information they
are looking for.
• In linear texts, contents are in the linear and sequential structure.
• In linear texts, there is a focus on grammar and style.
• Examples of linear texts include Novels, poems, letters, newspaper
articles, etc.
What is Non-Linear Text?
• The non-linear text refers to the text that does not
need to be read from the beginning to the end.
• There are multiple reading paths (the reading is not
sequential). They are determined by the reader. In
other words, the reader can choose his own reading
paths.
List at least five highlighted words/phrases in the poem and look for
its brief description by completing the table below.

Seven Ages of Man

by: William Shakespeare
All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players,
They have their exits and entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms.
Then, the whining schoolboy with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier,
 Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then the justice
In fair round belly, with good capon lin’d,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws, and modern instances,
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side,
His youthful hose well sav’d, a world too wide,
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Turning again towards childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
 What is it?
Highlighted Words
Describe/Define.
 What is it?
Highlighted Words Describe/Define

(especially of a baby) cry feebly or querulously;

mewling whimper.
producing or emitting a prolonged, high-pitched
whining sound
A satchel is a bag with a strap, traditionally used
satchel for carrying books.
A furnace is a structure in which heat is produced
furnace with the help of combustion.
characterized by, expressive of, or causing sorrow
woeful or misery.
overall quality or character as seen or judged by
reputation people in general
A castrated male chicken.
capon
 What is it?
Highlighted Words Describe/Define

when man becomes physically and

slipper’d pantaloon mentally ill and is always pranked by
others
another term for glasses.
spectacles
is shrinking of the legs. It means that
shrunk shank his legs starts to shrink small like a
old man. He is becoming old.
the state of being unaware or
oblivion unconscious of what is happening.
without
sans
 Hyper Tex
t
: the original words and
form of a written work or
Over; beyond,
printed work
something : an edited or emended
more than copy of an original
usual work
 Hypertext
Hypertext most often refers to text on a computer
that will lead the user to other, related information
on demand.
Hypertext represents a relatively recent innovation to
user interface , which overcomes some of the
limitations of written text. Rather than remaining
static like traditional text, hypertext makes possible a
dynamic organization of information through links and
connections (called hyperlink ).
Hypertextuality according to K. Amaral, 2010 is
simply a non-linear way of presenting
information. Rather than reading or learning
about things in the order that an author, or
editor, or publisher sets out for us, readers of
hypertext may follow their own path, create their
own order—their own meaning out of the
material.
hypertext- text only
hypermedia- not just a text but also
images, sounds, animation or
videos.
multimedia- combination of multiple
content format like pictures, videos,
sounds and text into a single interactive
presentation.
 Advantages of
hypertext
1.Multiples paths of inquiry.
- users in hypertext are often presented with multiple paths of
inquiry to select at any given time any option that is taken can
be quickly backtracked to investigate another option or link.
2. Individualized learning
opportunities.
- these multiple paths of inquiry can be customized for
particular learners or groups of learners according to ability
that’s why more links more to c lick.
3. Reader learner control.
- a hypertext environment gives the learner control over
paths of learning reader control allows the learner to
make choices in navigating and manipulating the content
of sites.
4. Support the connection of ideas.
- hypertext emulates the way we think through an
association of ideas.
5. Some text is suited to hypertext.
- some textual information is not easily presented in
a linear form. Arguments and counter arguments
are easier to present in hypertext.
6. Creating new references.
- hypertext environments learners can contribute
their own work to be published in cyberspace and
can easily link to existing documentation and user
have the ability to share in the authorship of
documents as well as to create their own
references.
7. Critical thinking.

- hypertext allows readers to analyze

information from multiple perspectives.
8. Ease of navigation.

- navigational age such as bookmarks and

history list allow the user quick access
within a document.
9. Asynchronous communication.

-not only, does hypertext support synchronous

communication, giving it a similar functionality
as a book, hypertext enables direct
communication with an author or expert,
(asynchronous communication) thus, providing
an enriched learning environment.
Disadvantages of
hypertext

1.Paper-based information is
more comfortable to read.
2. Computer/ gadget is required.
3. Readers disorientation.
- critics of hypertext say that
learners may lose their sense of
direction or location as they
move and select links in
hypertext.
4. Cognitive overhead
- is the effort and concentration
required to maintain several tasks at one
time. Critics of hypertext believe that
learners can experience cognitive
overload as they try to keep track of
multiple paths of inquiry
5. Cause of eyes strain.
6. Too much control.
- readers who have very little knowledge of a
subject may be overwhelmed by the
information and lack the skills to succeed
when using hypertext. These students don't
know where to start to engage in productive
learning.
 ASSIGNMEN
T
Design a PowerPoint presentation
on a subject of choice using
hypertext.

Gmail: aboaboclaire@gmail.com
 Direction: Read each question and its choices carefully.
Select the answer that best answers the question.

1. What is hypertext?
a. A type of code used to create websites
b. A way of organizing and presenting information that
allows users to navigate through related pieces of text
or media in a non-linear way
c. A type of font used in digital documents
d. A file format used for eBooks
2. According to _____ hypertextuality is simply a non-linear way of presenting information.
a. Tim Berners-Lee
b. Vannevar Bush
c. Bill Gates
d. K. Amaral ,2010

3. What is a hyperlink?
a. A type of font used in digital documents
b. A type of virus that infects computers
c. A clickable link that takes the user to another location within a document or to another website
d. A tool for editing images
4.What is the difference between linear and non-linear hypertext?
a. Linear hypertext allows users to navigate through related pieces of text or media in a non-linear way, while non-linear
hypertext follows a strict sequential order.
b. Linear hypertext follows a strict sequential order, while non-linear hypertext allows users to navigate through related
pieces of text or media in a non-linear way.
c. Linear hypertext is a type of code used to create websites, while non-linear hypertext is a file format used for eBooks.
d. Linear hypertext is a way of organizing and presenting information in a linear format, while non-linear hypertext is a
way of presenting information in a visual format.

5. What is the purpose of hypertext in education?

a. To create more engaging and interactive learning materials
b. To replace traditional textbooks
c. To make learning more difficult for students
d. To reduce the amount of reading required for students.
6.What is a hypertext authoring tool?
a. A software program used to create hypertext documents
b. A tool for analyzing user behavior within a hypertext document
c. A tool for tracking user engagement with a website
d. A tool for creating traditional linear text documents

7.What is a hypertext narrative?

a. A story told using hypertext elements such as hyperlinks and interactive media
b. A file format used for digital images
c. A type of code used to create websites
d. A way of organizing and presenting information in a linear format
8. What is the benefit of using hypertext in research?
a. It allows researchers to organize and present their findings in a non-linear way
b. It makes research more difficult and time-consuming
c. It reduces the amount of reading required for researchers
d. It is not useful for research purposes

9. What is the downside of using hypertext in reading and writing?

a. It can be overwhelming or confusing for some readers
b. It is more difficult to create than traditional linear text
c. It requires specialized software that is expensive and difficult to use
d. It does not work on all devices or platforms
10. Which of the following is an example of a hypertext
document?
a. A printed book
b. A PDF file
c. A website with clickable links and interactive media
d. A handwritten letter.