Other Related

Geological Hazard
A geological Hazard is an adverse geologic
condition capable of causing damage or loss of
property or life. These hazards consist of sudden
phenomena and slow phenomena.

*sometimes hazard is initiated by man through

the careless location of developments in which
the conditions were not taken ito account
Sudden phenomena
• Avalanche
• Earthquake and earthquake-triggered phenomena like a tsunami
• Forest fire leading to deforestation
• Geomagnetic storms
• Ice jams
• Landslides
• Mudflows
• Pyroclastic flows
• Rock falls, rock slides, and debris flows
• Torrents
• Volcanic eruptions, lahar and ash falls
Slow phenomena
• Alluvial fans
• Caldera development
• Geyser deposits
• Ground settlement
• Ground subsidence, sags and sinkholes
• Liquefaction
• Sand dune migration
• Shoreline and stream erosion
• Thermal springs
Different Geological Hazards
1. Rainfall-induced landslide
2. Sinkhole
Rainfall-induced landslide
Natural causes of landslide
1. Earthquake
2. Heavy rainfall

Human causes of landslide

3. Clearcutting
4. Mining
Sinkholes – can be natural due to
erosion and underground water, and
man-made due to human activities
like drilling, mining, construction,
broken drain pipes, compacted soil
after excavation work or eve heavy
traffic
Types of sinkholes
1. Solution sinkhole
2. Cover collapse sinkhole
3. Cover subsidence sinkhole
Effects of sinkholes
1. can change topography (inland) and divert
streams of underground water(in oceans)
2. Damage to life and property (heavy
population)
3. Toxic chemicals beneath the earth may
come up to pollute the groundwater
Flood Hazards – Jeddah in November 2009
Rockfall hazard – road closures and damage
infrastructure
Property damage due to a collapse sinkhole
Open earth fissure
a. Subsidence and tension cracks in an asphalt
area
b. Sinkhole in front of a building an asphalt area
Signs of an impending geologic Hazard

Signs of sinkhole formation

Map showing the distribution of rainfall in the Philippines
Mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and
properties
1. Resricting development in landslide-prone areas
2. Codes for excavation, construction, grading codes
3. Protecting existing development
4. Monitoring and warning systems
5. Landslide insurance and compensation for losses