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Rules For Online Class:

 Mark your attendance (on Google ClassRoom)

 Do not turn on your microphone or camera until unless you

are asked to turn them on

 Keep all your stationaries and calculator along with, take

notes during presentation

 Questions/queries may be asked through sending the text in

chat box or by raising your hand

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 Happy Home School
Online Classes

Class: IX-C

Subject: Physics

Topic: Turning Effect of Force

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 Turning Effects of Force:

1. Moment
2. Principle of Moment
3. Centre of Gravity
4. Stability

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Moment:
 Force may produce Linear, Rotational and Vibrational motion
 Moment is the turning effect of the force
 Moment depends upon
 Amount of force applied
 How far force is applied from point of rotation/pivot/axle/fulcrum

 Examples:

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 Mathematically Moment is defined as ”The product of force F and perpendicular distance d from the line
of action of force to the pivot”.
 Moment = Force x Force Arm = F x d
 SI unit is Nm

 Clockwise and anticlockwise Moments can be produced

 Moment of (line of force) passing through pivot is zero

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 Always angle between force and force arm (or moment arm) is 90o

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Equilibrium and Principle of Moment:
 An object is said to be in equilibrium condition if
 Sum all forces applying on it is zero
 Sum of all moments working on it is zero

 Principle of Moment:
For an object in equilibrium, the sum of all clockwise moment about any point is equal to sum of all
anticlockwise moment about same point

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Past Papers:
1. Forces are applied to a uniform beam pivoted at its centre. Which beam is balanced?

2. . A beam pivoted at one end has a force of 5.0 N acting vertically upwards on it as shown.
The beam is in equilibrium.

What is the weight of the beam?

A 2.0 N B 3.0 N C 3.3 N D 5.0 N
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Past Papers:
3. A uniform horizontal beam, pivoted at its right-hand end, is in equilibrium. A force of 60N acts
vertically upwards on the beam as shown.
What is the weight of the beam?
A 36N B 40N
C 90N D 100N
4. A uniform beam is pivoted at its centre. Two weights are placed on the beam in the positions
shown and the beam is balanced by an upward force F.
What is the size of F?
A6N B 12N
C 30N D 60N

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Centre of Gravity:
 Centre of gravity is the point through which force of gravity acts on an object or system
 Centre of mass is a point representing the mean position of the distribution of matter in a body or system
 Centre of Mass and Centre of Gravity coincide for an object placed in uniform gravitational field
 Centre of gravity may even lie outside the object

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Heading:
 Finding Centre of Gravity of Irregular shaped object:
 Mark different points at suitable positions near to the edges of the 2-dimensional irregular shape flat object
(Lamina)
 Punch the holes at those points
 Suspend the Lamina freely on retort stand
 Hang a plumb line in front of the lamina
 When the plumb line is stable, draw a line on
the lamina over the plumb line
 Repeat the process for all the holes punched on lamina
 The point of intersection of lines drawn is the centre of gravity

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Stability:
 Stability refers the ability of an object to regain it’s original position when it is tilted
 Stability of an object is closely related to the centre of gravity
 If line of action of gravity passes through the base, so the object remains stable, un-balanced Moment (about
point of contact of Normal contact force) is produced when an object is tilted, may result the object to topple

 Lowering the position of Centre of gravity and keeping the wider base area makes an object more stable

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Stable equilibrium:
 When object is tilted,
 Centre of gravity rises
 Line of action of gravity passes through the base area
 Moment by weight about point of contact returns the object in it’s original position

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Un-Stable Equilibrium:
 When object is tilted,
 Centre of gravity falls
 Line of action of gravity lies outside the base area
 Moment by weight about point of contact causes object to topple
Neutral Equilibrium:
 When object is tilted,
 Centre of gravity neither rises or falls
 Line of action of gravity always passes through the base
 No Moment is produced by weight about point of contact

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Past Papers:
1. A man uses clay to make a pot. He wants the pot to be as stable as possible when placed on a
flat surface. Which two features of the pot must the man consider?
A the area of the base and the height of the centre of gravity
B the density of the clay and the area of the base
C the density of the clay and the height of the centre of gravity
D the weight and the height of the centre of gravity

2. What affects the stability of an object?

A only its base area and the location of its centre of mass
B only its weight and its base area
C only the location of its centre of mass
D only its weight

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Past Papers:
3. Which chair is the least stable if the child moves?

4. A student balances a non-uniform object on a pivot. To do this, a weight is suspended near the
left-hand end of the object. Where is the centre of mass of the object?

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THE END

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