ANOVA

1
Objective:
Perform Post Hoc Analysis of

One-way ANOVA in hypothesis
testing through the use of SPSS.
Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Virgilio A. Edulsa Jr., MA-Math Science, Technology, Engineering Program
Multiple Comparison of
One-Way ANOVA
2

Activity 1: Identify what statistical test is
3
used to test the hypothesis of the given
scenarios.
1. A data from KCNHS shows that the mean
grade of grade 9 STE students is 92 with a
standard deviation of 5. Data also shows that
non-STE students have a mean grade of 91
with a standard deviation of 4. Are the STE
students performing better than non-STE
students at 0.01 level of significance?
Ans: Independent t-test
4
2. A random sample of 25 brand M corned

beef showed a mean net weight of 190 grams
while 30 brand N corned beef showed a mean
weight of 188 grams. Is there a significant
difference in the mean net weight of the two
brands of corned beef?
Ans: Independent t-test

3. According to the Civil Code of the
5
Philippines, the marriageable age of Filipinos
is 18. A researcher found out that the average
age of Filipinos who got married is 23 years
old. A random sample of 29 married couples
were taken and found out that the average
age is 21 with a standard deviation of 1.23. is
there a reason to believe that the sample is
significantly younger than the others in getting
married at 5% level of significance?
Ans: Dependent t-test
6 4. A research study was conducted to examine the
clinical efficacy of a new antidepressant. Depressed
patients were randomly assigned to one of the three
groups: a placebo group, a group that received a
low dose of the drug, and a group that received a
moderate dose of the drug. After four weeks of
treatment, the patients completed the Beck
Depression Inventory. The higher the score, the
more depressed the patient. Test whether there is a
significant difference between the groups.
Ans: Analysis of Variance

Based on the given activity, What is the
7 difference between t-test and One-way ANOVA?
T-test and Analysis of Variance can be

differentiate using the Venn Diagram
below: t-test ANOVA
Compare the
Compare the Compare the
means of
means of two means of the
three or more
groups groups
groups
When can we say that a given result has a

significant difference or not?
Activity 2: Given the following results of
8
analysis of variance test, identify if there’s exist
a significant or not. Assume 5% alpha level.
Ans: Significant
9
analysis of variance test, identify if there’s
exist a significant or not.
Ans: Significant
10
Ans: Not Significant

11
Ans: Significant
12
Supposed that there is a

significant difference exist,
can we infer which variable
contains the significant
difference? Why?

13
Post Hoc Test
A post hoc test is used only after we find a
statistically significant result and need to
determine where our differences truly
came from.
The term “post hoc” comes from the Latin
word for “after the event”.
There are many different post hoc tests that
have been developed, and most of them will
give us similar answers.

14
Common Post Hoc Test
1. Bonferroni Test
2. Tukey’s Honest Significant
Difference
3. Scheffe’s Test

15 Example 1:
Neuroscience researchers examined the impact of
environment on rat development. Rats were randomly
assigned to be raised in one of the four following test
conditions: Impoverished (wire mesh cage - housed alone),
standard (cage with other rats), enriched (cage with other
rats and toys), super enriched (cage with rats and toys
changes on a periodic basis).
After two months, the rats were tested on a variety of
learning measures (including the number of trials to learn a
maze to a three perfect trial criteria), and several
neurological measure (overall cortical weight, degree of
dendritic branching, etc.). The data for the maze task is
below.
16 Example 1:
Impoverished Standard Enriched Super
Enriched
22 17 12 8
19 21 14 7
15 15 11 10
24 12 9 9
18 19 15 12
Is there a significant difference between the four testing
conditions?
17
Hypotheses:
H0: There is no significant difference between the four
testing conditions on the rat development.
Ha: There is a significant difference between the four
testing conditions on the rat development.
Level of Significance (Alpha Level): 5% or 0.05
Rejection Criterion: Reject H0 if p-value is less than or

equal to level of significance (0.05)

18 Results
Sig. value or p-value is less than 0.05,

REJECT H0.
Therefore, there is a significant difference
between the four testing conditions on the rat
development.
19
Post Hoc Test

20
Post Hoc Test

21 Post Hoc Test
Based on the Post Hoc Test, significant difference lies

between Impoverished and enriched, and impoverished
and super enriched. Therefore, among the four conditions
impoverished (wire mesh cage - housed alone) shows
greater impact of environment on rat development.

Example 2:
22 A research study was conducted to examine the clinical efficacy of a
new antidepressant. Depressed patients were randomly assigned to one
of three groups: a placebo group, a group that received a low dose of
the drug, and a group that received a moderate dose of the drug. After
four weeks of treatment, the patients completed the Beck Depression
Inventory. The higher the score, the more depressed the patient. The
data are presented below. At 5% level of significance, test if there is a
significant difference among the groups.
Placebo Low Dose Moderate Dose

38 22 14
47 19 26
39 8 11
25 23 18
42 31 5
23 Results
Sig. value or p-value is less than 0.05,

REJECT H0.

24 Results

Example 3:
25 A researcher is concerned about the level of knowledge possessed by
university students regarding United States history. Students completed
a high school senior level standardized U.S. history exam. Major for
students was also recorded. Data in terms of percent correct is recorded
below for 32 students. Is there a significant difference between the four
testing conditions?
Education Business/Management Behavioral/Social Science Fine Arts
62 72 42 80
81 49 52 57
75 63 31 87
58 68 80 64
67 39 22 28
48 79 71 29
26 40 68 62
36 15 76 45

26 Results
Sig. value or p-value is greater than 0.05,

WE FAIL TO REJECT H0.

27
In what cases Post Hoc Test

can only be used?

28


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1

Perform Post Hoc Analysis of

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

2. A random sample of 25 brand M corned

Ans: Independent t-test

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Ans: Analysis of Variance

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

T-test and Analysis of Variance can be

When can we say that a given result has a

Ans: Not Significant

Supposed that there is a

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Level of Significance (Alpha Level): 5% or 0.05

Rejection Criterion: Reject H0 if p-value is less than or

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Sig. value or p-value is less than 0.05,

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Based on the Post Hoc Test, significant difference lies

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Placebo Low Dose Moderate Dose

Sig. value or p-value is less than 0.05,

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Sig. value or p-value is greater than 0.05,

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

In what cases Post Hoc Test

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

Advanced Statistics Kidapawan City National High School

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