ENGLISH 10

Quarter 4 – Module 1

Technical Terms Used

in Research
 Objectives:
•Identify the technical terms
used in research
•Observe the language of
research, campaigns and
advocacies
•Develop a questionnaire
 What are the Sources of Information?
Primary Sources – provide a first-
hand account of an event or time
period and are considered
authoritative
- They represent original thinking,
reports on discoveries or events, or
they can share new information
- It attempts to describe or explain
Secondary Sources – provides
second hand information that has been
digested, analyzed, reworded or
interpreted
- Are often written well after the events
they report on, and can put past
information into its historical context

E Primary Source Secondary Source

X
A
M
Novel Article analyzing the novel
P
L Painting Exhibition catalog explaining the
E painting
S
Classify whether the materials listed below are
primary or secondary sources.
1.Letters
9. Diaries
2.Encyclopedia
10. Books
3.Biography
11.Speeches
4.History textbooks
12. Photographs
5.Artifacts
13. Interviews
6.Blogs
14. Architecture
7.Magazine
15. Documentaries
8.E-mails
 LESSON 1: Parts of a Research Paper
RESEARCH
- Define as careful consideration of study regarding a particular
concern or problem using scientific methods
- According to Earl Robert Babbie an American sociologist it is a
systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the
observed phenomenon
- A creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society
- Used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous
work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems or develop
new theories
- Involves inductive and deductive methods
 Steps in Writing a Research Paper
1. 2
.
Find
information
Choose a topic
5. Organize 6. Write
3. Write your your notes
thesis statement your first
7. Revise your draft
outline and draft

4. Make a research
8. Type your final paper
paper outline
 Deductive and Inductive Methods/Approach
Deductive Approach Inductive Approach
A social phenomenon A social phenomenon
is observed. is observed.

A theory is developed Data is collected on the

to explain why it possible reasons why it
occurred. occurs and trends in the data
are examined.
The theory is tested
through researched and A theory is developed from
the theory is either this data to explain the
accepted, rejected, or social phenomenon
revised.
 Types of Research Methods

Qualitative research  Quantitative research

is a method that collects data
using conversational methods,
usually open-ended questions.
The responses collected are
essentially non-numerical. This
method helps a researcher
understand what participants
think and why they think in a
particular way.
is a method that deals with
numbers and measurable
forms. It uses a systematic way
of investigating events or data.
It answers questions to justify
relationships with measurable
variables to either explain,
predict, or control a
phenomenon.
 QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
To examine a phenomenon as it is, in To study relationships, cause and
rich detail PURPOSE effect
 
 
Flexible, evolves during study DESIGN
Developed prior to study
 
 
Inductive; may generate theory APPROACH
Deductive; tests theory
 
 
The researcher is primary data TOOLS
collection tool
Uses preselected instruments

  SAMPLE
Uses small samples  Uses large samples
 
ANALYSIS
Narrative description and  Statistical analysis of numeric
interpretation data.
 SAMPLE TOPICS

1. The Impact of
Alcohol on a 1. The Advantages
Person’s Normal and Disadvantages
Behavior of Outsourcing
Services
2. Prevention
measures against 2. The Pros and Cons
contracting of Social Education
Corona Virus in  
Crowded Places
 RESEARCH PAPER STRUCTURE
SECTIONS What to do?
TITLE Contains the fewest possible words needed
to adequately describe the content and/or
purpose of your research paper.
ABSTRACT Write 150 words on the purpose of the
study, research questions and suggestions,
and main findings with conclusions
INTRODUCTION Provide the main information on the
problem statement, the indication of the
methodology, important findings and
principal conclusions.Formulate the thesis
statement.
REVIEW OF RELATED Analyze and incorporate scholarly sources
LITERATURE on the past studies
 Explain the design of the research with techniques that
are used for gathering information and other aspects
related to the experiment.Experiments -People who take
part in research experiments might be asked to complete
various tests to measure their cognitive abilities (e.g. word
recall, attention, concentration, reasoning ability etc.)
RESEARCH usually verbally, on paper or by computer. Surveys -
METHODO involve collecting information, usually from fairly large
LOGY groups of people, by means of questionnaires but other
techniques such as interviews or telephoning may also be
used. Questionnaires - obtain information from a large
number of people and/or people who may not have the
time to attend an interview or take part in
experiments.Interviews - usually carried out in person i.e.
face-to-face but can also be administered by telephone or
using more advance computer technology such as
Skype.Case studies - involve the detailed study of a
particular case (a person or small group)
DATA ANALYSIS Review the information in the
& introduction part, evaluate their gained
DISCUSSIONS results, or compare it with past studies.
RESULTS Present and illustrate the obtained
findings
LIMITATIONS Consider the weaknesses of the research
and results to get new directions

CONCLUSION Provide final thoughts and summary of

the whole work

RECOMMENDA- Propose potential solutions or new ideas

TIONS based on the obtained results.
 APPENDIX Contains the extra information, it may not be
useful to the entire audience or the time and
space may not allow you to include in the main
body. It supports the important points in your
paper

ACKNOWLED Enable the researcher to thank all those who

GEMENT have helped in carrying out the research.
BIBLIOGRA- Write the list of the sources used to get
PHY / information for the research
REFERENCE
S
 Remember
5 Things To Remember When You’re Writing
A
Research Paper

1. Never choose a topic that is out of personal

interest.
2. Never use needless words
3. Keep thoughts intact.
4. Don't let failure distract you
5. Always consult the opinion of other people.
ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Identify whether the following are examples of QUALITATIVE OR

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. Draw a diamond ( ♦ ), if it falls under qualitative
research and draw a heart ( ♥ ) if it is quantitative research.

____ 1. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the small and medium business in the
hospitality industry.
_____ 2. How has freelancing become a new field of interest among the youth in 2020?
_____ 3. An Analysis of Errors Made by Senior High School Students in Writing
Academic Texts.
_____ 4. Coping mechanism took up by individuals with mental health issues during
the lockdown and its effects.
_____ 5. Reading Difficulties of Primary Student
Activity 2 : TRUE OR FALSE

Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

1. A reference page where you should collect the academic sources

along with all the publications you consulted, while fleshing out your
research project.
2. When you write a research paper for high school only, you will have
to make sure to add relevant citation to back up your major claims.
3. Producing a research paper can be a very daunting task unless you
have a solid plan of action.
4. An abstract is an important part of a research paper. It contains
the objective, the summary, and the goal of a research paper
5. The methodology should include the comments of an author not to
influence the objectivity of the presentation,
6. Recommendation means the gained information or data after the
research or experiment.
7. Literature Review is needed for the analysis of past studies or scholarly
articles to be familiar with research questions or topics.
8. Limitations mean a consideration of research weaknesses and results to
get new directions.
9. Acknowledgements may take different forms from paragraphs to charts
10. A research paper is an essay in which you explain what you have
learned after exploring your topic in depth.
 Difference between a QUESTIONNAIRE and a SURVEY

Questionnaire
Meaning A questionnaire is a research
instrument that consists of a set
of questions to collect information
from a respondent.
Survey
A survey is a research method
used for collecting data from a pre-
defined group of respondents to
gain information and insights on
various topics of interest.

What is it? Instrument of data collection Process of collecting and analyzing

that data.
Characteristic Subset of survey Consists of questionnaire and
survey design, logic and data
collection.
Time and Cost Fast and cost-effective Much slower and expensive
Questions Close-ended and very rarely Close-ended and open-ended
open-ended
 LESSON 2: How to Develop a Questionnaire for
Research
STEPS What to write
Figure out what What is your main objective in doing the
information you questionnaire? What information do you need from the
are trying to responses in order to meet your objectives? Think of
gather from this questions that will address your objectives. You should
survey. not include any question that is not directly useful to
your research.

Write an This should explain a little about your questionnaire.:

introduction for why are you doing it and what is your goal. The
your introduction, while brief, should engage your target
questionnaire. audience. Think about how much time they have, and
administer the questionnaire based on that estimate,
 Use closed A closed question is one that can be answered with
questions for a rod or a phrase. This makes it easy for the
questionnaires respondent to give their answer without having to
think of an articulate way to word it. Closed
questions also make classification of responses
easier.

Order your Start questions that are easy to understand and

questions in a easy to answer. Opening with harder questions is
way that is discouraging and may scare your respondents
meaningful before they complete your entire survey. Easy
and easy to questions help encourage your participants to finish
follow answering. The questions should flow in an order
that sounds natural and does not skip around too
much.
Put the more
important Place more important questions in the first part
questions at of the questionnaires, because often,
the participants can lose interest on the latter part
beginning of the questionnaires especially if the survey is
rather lengthy.

Add a little
variety to Open-ended questions require respondents to
you write out their answers and to include some
questions details.
 Remember

There are nine steps involved in the development of a

questionnaire:

1. Decide the information required.

2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order and format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.
9. Develop the final survey form.
 WHY DO PEOPLE
CONDUCT RESEARCH?

1. A Tool for building knowledge and efficient learning.

2. An aid to business success.
3. Means to understand various issues.
4. Means to find, gauge, and size opportunities.
5. A way to prove lies and to support truths.
6. Nourishment and exercise for the mind.
7. A seed to love reading, writing, analyzing and sharing
valuable information.
 FINAL OUTPUT
Checking your Understanding Use the template below as a
model for your questionnaire. Use the given rubrics as your guide
in completing this activity.
CHOOSE FROM THESE TOPICS
Questionnaire
FOR YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is used to help the researchers collect
information in order to complete the study (write here your chosen
1. The Impact of topic). Please answer all the questions by providing the appropriate
Alcohol on a Person’s information. The data will be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Normal Behavior
2. Prevention measures General Information Name:
against contracting Year and Section:
Corona Virus in
Crowded Places
Address:
(Other pertinent information)
Questions: (Write as many questions as needed in your questionnaire.)
1. The Advantages and
1.
Disadvantages of 2.
Outsourcing Services 3.
2. The Pros and Cons of 4.
Social Education 5.
  Thank you for your time in answering this questionnaire.
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Deductive and Inductive Methods/Approach
Deductive Approach Inductive Approach
A social phenomenon is A social phenomenon is
observed. observed.

Data is collected on the possible

A theory is developed to
reasons why it occurs and trends
explain why it occurred.
in the data are examined.

The theory is tested through A theory is developed from this

researched and the theory is data to explain the social
either accepted, rejected, or phenomenon
revised.