VOLCAN

O
The VOLCANO
A volcano is the
opening in the
earth’s surface
through which
molten and hot
materials erupt.
These are Magma,
hot gases, and
rocks.
01
Describe what happens when volcanoes erupt

• When volcanoes erupt they can spew hot, dangerous gases,

ash, lava and rock that can cause disastrous loss of life and
property, especially in heavily populated areas.
• The space for the magma to leave is very small and, as it
travels, pressure builds, meaning it escapes violently when
released. This escaping liquid rock becomes lava, which
solidifies as it travels.
Volcanic eruptions can pose multiple health threats
depending on the proximity of the volcano to the community
and whether there was any warning.

Volcanic eruptions can cause:

• suffocation
• infectious diseases, such as conjunctivitis
acute and chronic respiratory diseases from falling ash and
breathing gases and fumes
• burns and traumatic injuries, such as lacerations from
falling rockeye and skin irritations from acid rain.
• Ash and chemicals from the eruption can also generate risk
of food and water contamination, and compromise basic
services, like water, transportation, communications and
health services. Likewise, the accumulation of ash on roofs
can cause damage or collapse of buildings, both
immediately and after the event.
02
Materials that come out when a volcano erupts

• It releases lava, which is made of molten materials that reach

the surface of the earth.

• Lava contains different elements and compounds.

Materials that comes out of an eruptive volcano

• It releases lava, which is made of molten materials that reach

the surface of the earth.

• Lava contains different elements and compounds.

 Volcanoes also release volcanic ashreferred to as “ tephra” which are made of tiny
fragments of rock and minerals. In some huge volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash fall may
cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years.
In any type volcanic
eruption, may it be violent
or not, volcanoes release
smoke. The smoke is a mix
of different gases like water
vapor, carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide, and
hydrogen sulphide.
03
What to do in case of volcanic eruption

• How close is your home to the volcano? Know where the ‘live’
(potentially active) volcanoes are located in relation to where you live.

• Build a Disaster Survival Kit, which includes items like non-perishable

food, water, a battery-powered or hand-crank radio, extra flashlights and
batteries. You may want to prepare a portable kit and keep it in your car in
case you are told to evacuate. This kit should also include a pair of
goggles and disposable breathing masks for each member of the family.

• Make a Family Disaster Plan. Your family may not be together when
disaster strikes, so it is important to know how you will contact one
another, how you will get back together and what you will do in case of
an emergency.
What to do in case of volcanic eruption

•Volcanoes do not usually erupt suddenly without warning. They

are normally preceded by clear signals which, once recognized,
enable timely warnings to be issued. Identify a meeting point to
contact family members in the event that warnings are issued
when everyone is apart, such as during the day when adults are at
work and children are at school.

•Make a list of emergency numbers including your national

disaster management office, police, fire, hospital and the nearest
emergency shelter.

•Know what to expect by educating yourself on the impact of

volcanic eruptions and relevant safety measures. Get involved in
your local disaster management group or conduct online research
to learn more.
THANK YOU!
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 Lorraine Fernando
Angel Janen Engalla
David Lawrenze Dumanon