Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

ACTIVITY SHEET IN SCIENCE

Grade: 9 Week: 1 Quarter: 3
I. Objective: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption.

II. Presentation of the Lesson:

VOLCANOES

Volcanoes are openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt on to
the Earth's surface.

There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. PHIVOLCS have adapted
a system where the Philippine volcanoes as active or inactive. Active volcanoes are those that
have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based
on analyses of their materials.

Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years
and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion.

Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and each structure has a unique history of
eruption. However, volcanologists have been able to classify them according to their landforms
and eruptive patterns. The three general volcanic types according to the shape of their cones,
namely: shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones.

External Parts of a Volcano

summit

slope

base

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

Magma inside the volcano has high temperature. As the magma is continuously heated,
it goes up. As it rises, gas bubbles are developed. The gas bubbles are trapped and expand
causing the molten material to swell also, resulting in a gradual increase in pressure within the
volcano. When the pressure exceeds the strength of the overlying rock, fracturing occurs. The
resulting breaks lead to a further drop in confining pressure, which in turn causes even more gas
bubbles to form. Lava may appear to be the primary material ejected from a volcano, but this is
not always the case. Aside from lava, broken rocks, lava bombs, fine ash and dust are also
ejected.

Types of volcanic eruptions

A. Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream-driven eruption as the
hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but may be a sign of a larger
eruption. Shown on the right is phreatic eruption of Mt. Bulusan in
October 2016.

B. Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a
result, a large column of very fine ash and high-
speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called
base surges are observed. Shown here is Mt.
Volcan Poas in Costa Rica

C. Strombolian - a periodic weak to

violent eruption characterized by
fountain lava, just like the Irazu
Volcano in Costa Rica.

D. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic
flow and ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano
in Mexico.

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

E. Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption

of gas and pyroclastic, just like the Pinatubo Volcano
in Zambales.

III. Evaluation:

Directions: Answer the following questions in your answer sheet.

1. The opening or a hole in the Earth's crust through which the magma comes to the
Earth's surface is known as

A. Earthquake
B. Fault
C. Mid-oceanic Ridge
D. Volcano
2. Volcanoes that erupt frequently are known as ________.
A. Active volcanoes
B. Inactive volcanoes
C. Dormant volcanoes
D. Cinder cone volcanoes
3. The highest part of a volcano is called the ________.
A. Slope
B. Summit
C. Base
D. Vent

4. Which type of volcano is shown in the diagram?

A. Cinder cone
B. Shield volcano
C. Composite volcano
D. Lava dome
5. When a volcano ejects lava explosively, the eruption is called ___________.

A. Strombolian
B. Phreatomagmatic
C. Plinian
D. Phreatic

Prepared by: Jeff Bustamante-Rawis NHS

Reference: Contextualized Daily Lesson Plan in Science 9

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml