Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
9
Region v
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
TIONG HEN SO MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE 9
Name of the Student: ___________________________
Yr. & Section: ___________________________________ Date: _____________

LAS 1: DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES

STRUCTURE OF VOLCANO

The term “volcano” refers to mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent in which
lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust. The
lava and other volcanic materials originated from molten
materials called magma found beneath the surface of the Earth. Magma and other volcanic
materials are finding its way to the surface where they are expelled through openings like cracks
and holes. Any activity that includes the movement of magma
towards or onto the surface is called volcanism.

The Parts of a Volcano are:

⮚ Summit is the highest point or the apex of the volcano. At the summit, you have an opening
called vent.
⮚ Slopes are the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent.
⮚ Base is lower outer part of the volcano

Other Geologic features of a volcano:

 Magma Chamber is a region beneath the vent of a volcano where molten rock or magma is
deposited or stored before eruption
 Main Vent is the main opening or outlet on the surface of a volcano that emits lava, gases,
ash or other volcanic materials.
 Conduit is an underground central tube-like or pipe-like structure of a volcano that
connects the magma chamber to the crater through which the magma travels.
 Side Vent is a smaller outlet through which magma escapes.
 Crater is the mouth of the volcano which is a funnel-shaped or bowlshaped hollow at the top
of the vent from where magma, ash and gas comes out.
 Lava is a molten rock which is given off onto the surface of the Earth when a volcano erupts.
 Ash and Gas Cloud is a of mixtures of rock, minerals, glass particles and gases expelled or
pushed out of the volcano during volcanic eruption.
Classification of Volcanoes
There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. They can be classified based on
structure and activity.
Types of Volcanoes Based on Structure
One way to classify different types of volcanoes is through the structure characterized by their
shape, parts and formation.

Types of Volcanoes Based on Activity

Another way of classifying volcanoes according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is based on their activity as indicated by their behavior and historical
records.
 Active volcanoes are those volcanoes that have had at least one eruption during the past
10,000 years. They are those that erupted recently and still showing regular activity like
emission of gases, lava and ash flows.
 Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000
years and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future. There are no
signs of volcanic activity for a long period of time because magma supply is cut off. Also the
physical form of the volcano has signs of intensive weathering and erosion.
 Potentially active volcanoes are those that have no records of volcanic activity but are
morphologically young-looking.

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Different types of volcanoes erupt differently. They are generally classified aswet or dry
depending on the magma’s water content. Volcanoes are described according to the style of
eruption as follows:
 Phreatic or hydrothermal is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rockscome in contact with
water. It is short lived, characterized by ash columns but may be a beginning of a larger
eruption.
 Phreatomagmatic is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a
result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic
materials called base surges are observed.
 Strombolian a periodic, weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the
Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica.
 Plinian is excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials, like in
Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales.

ACTIVITY 2:
Write the word/s that correctly complete the statement. Write your answer on your answer
sheet. (ANSWER ONLY NOT TO COPY THE STATEMENTS)
1. __________ is a natural opening in the surface of the Earth where molten rocks, hot gases,
smoke, and ash are ejected.
2. Major parts of volcanoes are: __________, the highest point; __________ the side; and __________
the lower part of the volcano.
3. Volcanoes are classified as _________ or __________ based on their records of eruption.
4. According to structure of volcanoes are classified as __________, __________, and __________.
5. __________ are those volcanoes that has had at least one eruption during the last 10,000 years
and _____________ are volcanoes that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years and is not
expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.
6. Volcanoes that are large, broad and look like shield from the above are called __________,
those with steep slope and wide are called ________ and those typically steep-sided and
symmetrical cones of large dimension are called __________.
7. Mayon Volcano, Taal Volcano, Mount Kanlaon, Bulusan Volcano and Mount Pinatubo are
examples of _______ volcanoes because they erupted just recently and more frequently than
others.
8. Examples of inactive volcanoes in the Philippine are __________ and ______.
9. The following are the types of volcanic eruption: __________, __________, __________, __________,
and __________.
10. There are observable signs of impending volcanic eruption. ______________________,
_______________________ and ______________________ are examples of these signs.
Prepared by: Jezreel Tan