Species Extinction

Species Extinction
You are expected to:
Relate species extinction to

the failure of populations of
organisms to adapt to abrupt
changes in the environment
It refers to
the variety
of life in an
area
POPULATION
It is a group of
organisms of
the same
species living
in a certain
place
Coconut Plantation Tubataha Reef
THREATENED SPECIES
These are species

wherein their
population
decline so fast
that it becomes
endangered
PHILIPPINE EAGLE
Tamaraw Tarsier
Tamaraw Tarsier
It occurs
EXTINCT when the last
member of a
species dies
RHINOCEROS
It occurs
when the last
EXTINCT
member of a
species dies
STEGODON
Extinct Animals in the Philippines
Common Name: ASIAN ELEPHANT

Scientific Name: Elephas maximus
Period: HOLOCENE
Introduced in the 13th-16th

century from Sabah in the reign
of the Sultanate of Sulu and
became extinct on Maguindanao or
were transported back to Sabah.
Bone fragments are the only
proof left behind of their
existence.
Common Name / Scientific Name

FOSSIL MURINES
Period: PLEISTOCENE
Excavations in Callao Cave, in

the lowland (c.85 m elevation)
Cagayan River Valley of
northeastern Luzon, Philippines,
have produced the first fossils of
any endemic genera of Philippine
murinae rodents.
Common Name : CEBU TAMARAW

Scientific Name Bubalus cebuensis
Period: PLEISTOCENE or
HOLOCENE
The Cebu tamaraw stood

only 75 cm (2 ft 6 in) and
weighed about 150 to 160 kg
(330 to 350 lb). The species
was smaller than the modern
Mindoro tamaraw.
Common Name / Scientific Name

Stegodon luzonensis
Period: PLEISTOCENE
Once roamed in the plains

of Luzon, Mindanao and entire
Philippine Archipelago.
Unfavorable geographical
conditions and human
exploitation caused their
extinction.
Common Name : CEBU WARTY PIG

Scientific Name : Sus cebifrons cebifrons
Period: HOLOCENE
The Cebu warty pig

previously lived on the island of
Cebu before becoming extinct
in modern times, primarily due
to habitat destruction and
human exploitation.
Common Name : PALAWAN FOSSIL SIRENIA

Scientific Name : Dugong sp.
Period: MIOCENE
Discovered in Palawan in
2011. The fossil has not yet
been extracted from the rocks
in fear of destroying the
natural heritage caves of
Palawan.
Common Name : PHILIPPINE RHINOCEROS
Scientific Name : Rhinoceros philippinensis
Period: PLEISTOCENE
Due to the lack ofa complete

skeleton, little is known about
Rhinoceros philippinensis, other
than that it lived during the
Pleistocene era (2,588 million -
11,700 years ago) and that it was
essentially the larger version of
its modern cousin, the Sumatran
rhino.
Common Name : TIGER
Scientific Name : Panthera tigris sp
Period: HOLOCENE
Two articulated phalanx bones

and another phalanx piece were
found amidst an assemblage of
other animal bones and stone tools
in Ille Cave near the village of New
Ibajay. From the stone tools,
besides the evidence for cuts on
the bones, and the use of fire, it
would appear that early humans had
accumulated the bones.
Why does extinction occur?
HELP! HELP!
Natural Causes of Extinction
CLIMATIC HEATING AND COOLING
The biodiversity Earth

can’t keep up with the
rapid changes in
temperature and climate.
The species are not used to
severe weather conditions
and long seasons.
CHANGES IN SEA LEVELS OR CURRENTS
The changes in sea levels and

currents is a result, in part of
the melting of freshwater. The
denser, saltier water sinks and
forms the currents that marine
life depends on ocean floor
spreading and rising also affects
sea level.
ASTEROIDS/ COSMIC RADIATION
The reverberations can be felt
around the world. The impact
site is completely destroyed.
Cosmic radiation is radiation
being emitted from outer space
and the sun. A supernova
remnant is one source of cosmic
radiation.
ACID RAIN
The forms when sulfur dioxide
and / or nitrogen oxides are put
into the atmosphere. Increases
the acidity of the soil which
affects plant life. It can also
disturb rivers and lakes to a
possibly lethal level.
DISEASE/EPIDEMIC
Each species has defense
mechanisms and the ability to fight
disease. With the changing climate
and landscape certain species are
losing their ability to defend off
disease. They are becoming more
susceptible to disease and epidemics,
which can lead to their eventual
extinction.
SPREAD OF INVASIVE SPECIES
They use resources that the
other species depend on. Once
competition gets too great, the
survival of the fittest plan will
begin, and one of the species,
usually the natural one, will
dies off.
HUMAN CAUSES OF EXTINCTION
Top Human Cause of Extinction:
❖ Increased human population
❖ Destruction/Fragmentation of
Habitat
❖ Pollution
❖ Climate Change/Global Warming
HABITAT DEGRADATION
Habitat loss and

degradation affect 85% of
all threatened birds, 86%
mammals and 88% of
threatened amphibians
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING
From John W. Williams’ research,
their findings indicated that “By
the end of the 21st century, large
portions of the Earth’s surface
may experience climate not
found at present and some 21st
century may disappear.
Let’s try this!
Give the period of the following extinct
animals in the Philippines.
• 1. Stegodon luzonensis
• 1. Stegodon luzonensis
Answer: Pleistocene
• 2. Cebu tamaraw
• 2. Cebu tamaraw
Answer: Holocene
• 3. Fossil marines
• 3. Fossil marines
Answer: Pleistocene
• 4. Asian elephant
• 4. Asian elephant
Answer: Holocene
• 5. Tiger
• 5. Tiger
Answer: Holocene

Species Extinction

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Species Extinction

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Species Extinction

You are expected to:

Relate species extinction to

These are species

Common Name: ASIAN ELEPHANT

Introduced in the 13th-16th

Common Name / Scientific Name

Excavations in Callao Cave, in

Common Name : CEBU TAMARAW

The Cebu tamaraw stood

Common Name / Scientific Name

Once roamed in the plains

Common Name : CEBU WARTY PIG

The Cebu warty pig

Common Name : PALAWAN FOSSIL SIRENIA

Due to the lack ofa complete

Two articulated phalanx bones

The biodiversity Earth

The changes in sea levels and

Habitat loss and

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