Descriptive

Research
JEANNE FE L. NANUAL
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 Objectives:

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 1. Define and explain the nature of Descriptive
research.

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 1. Define and explain the nature of Descriptive
research.

2. Differentiate the types of Descriptive

Research.

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 1. Define and explain the nature of Descriptive
research.

2. Differentiate the types of Descriptive

Research.

3. Formulate steps for conducting descriptive

research.

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 - Set to seek out accurate
information and adequate
descriptions of activities, objects,
processes, and persons.
Allison, B., Race P. (2004) The Students’ Guide to Dissertation Preparation and Theses. (2nd Ed.) RoutledgeFalmer.
London

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 - Describes what exists and may help
to uncover new facts and meaning.

- This approach is used to describe

variables rather than to test a
predicted relationship between
variables.
Polit D.F., Hungler B.P. (1999) Nursing Research: Principles and Methods (6th Ed.) Philadelphia, Lippincott

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 - Devoted to the gathering of
information about prevailing
conditions or situations for the
purpose of description and
interpretation.
Dr. Y.P. Aggarwal (2008). Statistics of Education. (2nd Ed.) Sterling . Delhi

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 NATURE OF
DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

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 • It is the best method for collecting
information to demonstrate relationships
and describe the world as it exists and are
often done before an experiment to know
what specific things to manipulate and
include in an experiment

Bickman, L., & Rog, D.J. (1998). Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods. Newbury Park, CA.

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 • Because it can answer “what is” and
“what was” the nature of a situation as it
exists at the time of the study and to
explore the causes of particular
phenomena through the collection of
census data.

Travers R. (1978) Introduction to Educational Research. (4 th ed.). McMillan. London

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 • Useful when it is impossible to test and
measure the large population which is the
subject of quantitative types of
experimentation.

Bickman, L., & Rog, D.J. (1998). Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods. Newbury Park, CA.

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 • Descriptive research may be more
analytic. It often focuses on a particular
variable or factor

Bickman, L., & Rog, D.J. (1998). Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods. Newbury Park, CA.

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 • Low on the "control or manipulation of
research context" scale. It is non-intrusive
and deals with naturally occurring
phenomena.

.http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/ResearchMethods/RM_2_05.html

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 • The answer in a descriptive research
can no way be definitive.

https://explorable.com/descriptive-research-design

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 AIMS OF A DESCRIPTIVE
•RESEARCH
provides a knowledge-based that can be a springboard for other
types of quantitative research methods because it maps the terrain
of a specific phenomenon.

• contribute to the formation of principles and generalization in

behavioral sciences and contribute to the establishment of
standard norms of conduct, behavior, or performance. reveal
problems or abnormal conditions; and if correctly interpreted, the
data gathered can provide a useful insight that may lead to
hypothesis – formation.

Travers R. (1978) Introduction to Educational Research. (4 th ed.). McMillan. London

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 TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH AND
EXAMPLES

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 1. Observational Method 2. Case Study Method

- Quantitative observation - involves an in-depth study of an

implies an objective collection of individual or group of individuals
data for analysis based on their and is often leads to testable
numerical and statistical hypotheses which allow for a
attributes. This observation study of a rare phenomenon.
involves the depiction of obtained
variables in terms of their
quantity. The primary focus is on
numbers and values.

Jackson, S.L. (2009). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach 3rd edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
*http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajcn.2009.107.119 **http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/wpccasestudy3.pd

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 4. Correlational Method

3. Causal – Comparative - Explores relationships that exist

among variables; sometimes
– describes the extent of the predictions are made on the
relationship between two or more basis of the relationships.
variables.
Relationship Between Dietary
Language Learning Strategies of Pattern and Body Mass Index
Students at Different Levels of Among Primary School Children
Speaking Proficiency

http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/edq/article/viewFile/2131/2049

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 5. Developmental Studies 6. Survey Method

- the systematic study of designing, - participants answer questions

developing, and evaluating administered through interviews
instructional programs, processes. or questionnaires. After
participants answer the
Terman Study of the Gifted – began in questions, researchers describe
1921 and is still running today the responses given.

A Survey on the Filipino’s

Acceptance of the K to 12
curriculum, SWS June 2011 – March
2012.
http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/edq/article/viewFile/2131/2049

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 ADVANTAGE
S OF
DESCRIPTIV
E RESEARCH

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 - Gives researchers the opportunity
to use both quantitative and
qualitative data in order to find data
and characteristics about the
population or phenomenon that is
being studied

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 - The data collection for descriptive
research presents a number of
advantages as it can provide a very
multifaceted approach. Data can include
case studies, observations, or surveys
and give several angles on the
information.
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 DISADVANTAGE
S OF
DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

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 - is the primary weakness
of descriptive research.
Often subjects are not
truthful as they feel the
Confidentiality
need to tell the researcher
what they think the
researcher wants to hear.

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 - Descriptive research also presents
the possibility for error and
subjectivity. Objectivity and error

http://science.blurtit.com/316422/what-are-some-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-descriptive-research
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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Conducting
A
Descriptive
Research

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Conducting
A
Descriptive
Research

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

A
Descriptive
Research

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

Step Four: Create a Cover Letter
A
Descriptive
Research

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

Step Four: Create a Cover Letter
A
Descriptive
Step Five: Select a Sample
Research

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

Step Four: Create a Cover Letter
A
Descriptive
Step Five: Select a Sample
Research
Step Six: Pilot the Survey

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

Step Four: Create a Cover Letter
A
Descriptive
Step Five: Select a Sample
Research
Step Six: Pilot the Survey

Step Seven: Administer the Survey

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 Step One: Define a Problem to Research

Step Two: Write a Research Question and Sub-questions

Step Three: Design and Develop a Survey/Questionnaire Conducting

Step Four: Create a Cover Letter
A
Descriptive
Step Five: Select a Sample
Research
Step Six: Pilot the Survey

Step Seven: Administer the Survey

Step Eight: Analyze Data

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 Thank
you!
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