You are on page 1of 35

Lesson 12

Miscellaneous
Burns & Scalds
BFA TXBK PG. 70
Definition:
Caused by extremes of
temperatures(heat or cold)
由极端温度(热或冷)引起
•Burns 烧伤 : caused by wet heat
湿热 , such steam 蒸汽
•Scalds 烫伤 : hot liquid 热液体
自己看课本的
Causes of definition 谢谢☺
Burns 烧伤 Scalds 烫伤
•Dry heat 干热
•Electric burn 电烧伤
•Friction 摩擦
•Chemical burn 化学烧伤
•Moist heat 湿热
•Intense cold 极度低温
•Radiation 辐射
Depth of burn
Superficial burns 一级烧伤 :
involve only the outer layer of skin swelling. 仅
涉及皮肤外层肿胀。
一级烧伤指表面烧伤或表皮烧伤( exp. 太阳
晒伤 )

• ( 一级烧伤情况 ) 脸变红,肿胀,略
微有些痛
• 过几天就会自己愈合 ( 不会留下伤
疤)
Intermediate burns 二级烧伤 :
Blisters, surrounding redness 水
泡,周围发红
二级烧伤指部分厚度的烧伤,影
响表皮和皮下组织的头几层

• 二级烧伤时,皮肤可能变红,肿胀,可能还会起泡。
• 伤者可能感觉非常痛苦。
• (多数情况下)二级烧伤在几周内也会自己愈合,但可能
出现伤疤。
Deep burns 三级烧伤 :
Involve all layer of skin 每层
皮肤都被烧伤 , pale 苍白 ,
waxy 蜡状的 , pain free 无痛

• 影响整个皮下组织(神经、血管和毛 Superficial &


囊) Intermediate
• 皮肤可能变黑或非常白。 会痛
• 很少有疼痛,因为它们造成了神经损坏。
Rule of nine AKA rule of palms
>2-3 cm (1 inch)
diameters requires
medical attention.
**refer BFA Txtbk pg. 70
Sign and symptoms
•Severe pain at the injury
受伤时剧烈疼痛
•Reddening of the skin 皮肤变红
•Sometimes blistering 有时起泡
•(may be) destruction of skin
(有时)破坏皮肤
•Shock 休克
Management
•Rinse with cold running water for 10 mins 用冷自来水冲洗 10
分钟
•Remove anything of constructive nature(ring)before swell 膨胀
之前,请去除任何具有建设性的性质(戒指)
•Do not remove burnt clothing 不要脱掉烧焦的衣服
•Cover injury part with dressing or freshly laundered linen 用敷
料或刚洗过的亚麻布覆盖受伤部位
•Adhesive dressing can’t be use 不能使用粘合剂敷料
•No lotion, no tooth paste….
Action to be taken when clothing on fire
•Lay the casualty down
•Water
•No water, use rug. Protect yourself and
wrap it around casualty 没有水,请使
用地毯。保护自己并包裹伤亡人员

•****if casualty is alone


1.Roll himself
2.help
欲知更多详情,请自行查看一下
连接 😀
https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/
Article?contentid=1045&langua
ge=ChineseSimplified
Poisoning 中毒
BFA Txtbk PG74
Definition of poison
• A poison is a substance , solid, liquid or gas. Will
cause temporary or permanent damage 毒物是指
物质,固体,液体或气体。会造成暂时或永
久性损坏
How poison enter the body??
•Lungs 肺 (气体)
•Mouth 口(食用)
•Skin---injection or absorption 皮肤 - 注射或吸
收 (打针)
Food poisoning

•By eating food that is


contaminated 污染
•Symptoms will appear in
2 ~ 6 hours
Hypothermia
冻伤
BFA Txtbk PG78
Hypothermia 冻伤
•Normal body temperature
人体正常体温: 37°c
•Hypothermia 冻伤 : 35°c
•严重冻伤: 30 度以下
Causes
•Cold environment
•Wearing wet cloth for a long time
Symptoms
•Feeling miserable cold 感到痛
苦的寒冷
•Skin pale 皮肤苍白
•Cold to the touch 摸起来很冷
•Pulse rate slow down 脉搏速
度减慢
Management
•Place insulating material around the neck and
head 在脖子和头部周围放置绝缘材料
•Place in recovery position(unconscious) 置于恢
复位置(昏迷)
•Remove wet clothing and change it to the dry one
脱下湿衣服,换成干衣服
•Give hot drinks 喝些热饮料
•Do not give alcohol or rub or massage 请勿饮酒
或擦拭或按摩
Why do not give alcohol or rub or massage

酒精蒸发时,会带走热,拭擦酒精的
部分更冷 = hypothermia 更严重👍
Head Injuries
BFA Txtbk PG. 80
Head Injuries
•Damage the brain tissue 损害脑组织 / to the blood vessels
inside the skull 颅骨内的血管 / break the skull 头骨破裂
•Make someone lose consciousness 使患者失去知觉

Signs
•Clear fluid / watery blood leaking from the ear / nose 耳
朵 / 鼻子渗出的液体 / 水样血
•Deteriorating level of response 反应水平下降
伴随 head injury 的伤势

•Concussion 脑震荡
•Cerebral compression 脑受压
•Skull fracture 颅骨骨折
•Spinal injury 脊髓损伤
脑震荡?
•一般是头部在受到外伤或暴力打击后,
产生短暂意识丧失,随即清醒,有的
会遗忘近来发生的事,神经系统病理
解剖无明显变化。

好奇就自己找来看👇
http://www.xinhuanet.com/science/2019-07/28/c_138260611.htm
脑受压?
•严重打击头部会导致颅骨内出血或肿
胀,从而压迫大脑 - 这被称为大脑压
迫,危及生命。
颅骨骨折?
•头部骨骼中的一块或多块发生部分或完全断裂的疾病,多由
于钝性冲击引起。
•伴有受力点附近的颅骨内的组织结构损伤,(血管破裂、脑
或颅神经损伤,脑膜撕裂等)
•需要及时处理,否则可引起颅内血肿、神经功能受损、颅内
感染及脑脊液漏等严重并发症,影响预后。
好奇就自己找来看👇
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%A2%85%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%A8%E6%8A%98
脊髓损伤?
•下肢体严重的功能障碍。
•脊髓损伤不仅会给患者本人带来身体
和心理的严重伤害

好奇就自己找来看👇
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E6%8D%9F%E4%BC%A4
Checking for head injuries
1. Brief loss of consciousness 短暂的意识丧失
2. Scalp wound 头皮伤口
3. Dizziness or nausea 头晕或恶心
4. Loss of memory of events before or during the
injury 受伤前或受伤期间事件记忆的丧失
5. Headache 头痛
6. Confusion 混乱
1. Reduced level of response 意识降低
2. Loss of consciousness 意识丧失
3. Leakage of blood or watery fluid from
the ear or nose 耳朵或鼻子漏出血液
或水状液体
4. Unequal pupil size 瞳孔大小不相等
🙂
意识丧失 记忆丧失

•伤者不记得发生
•伤者不清醒
的事
🙂
Check for responsiveness

1. A lert 警觉性
2. V oice 声音
3. P ain 痛觉
4. U nresponsive 反应
Other factors
•Over 65 years old
•Have been drinking / taking Encourage
casualty to get
drugs 一直在喝酒 / 服药
medical
•Have been unconscious for help!!!! 鼓励
even a few minutes 昏迷了 伤亡者获得医
几分钟 疗帮助
烧伤
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=DcQjNXNnKp8&list=PLKvYJEaJ8b1Nm9n52LvExppQaZ3MHqC
mT&index=36
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHfB5o-
dH5I&list=PLKvYJEaJ8b1Nm9n52LvExppQaZ3MHqCmT&index=3
5

•触电
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpv-
_0Qq9l4&list=PLKvYJEaJ8b1Nm9n52LvExppQaZ3MHqCmT&ind
ex=31

You might also like