The Circulatory System - Week 3

T he CIrculator
y
System
 The Circulatory System is responsible
for transporting materials throughout
the entire body.
 It transports nutrients, water, and

oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells
produce.
 It is an amazing highway that travels

through your entire body connecting
all your body cells.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

Components
 Heart
 Blood
Blood
 Vessels
Heart
🞑 Arteries
🞑 Veins
🞑
Capillaries
Veins Arteries

 Which gases are transported to and from the body’s cells
by the blood flowing in the circulatory system?
carbon
dioxide
oxygen
Oxygen is the gas needed for respiration and is

transported to the body’s cells.
 The circulatory system carries two types of blood
Oxygen-rich Oxygen-poor
blood blood
 Blood  Blood travelling
travelling to the away from the body cells
body cells
 Low oxygen content
 High oxygen
 High carbon dioxide content
content
 Low carbon of the circulatory system means that these two
Arrangement
dioxide
types ofcontent
blood do not mix.

 The heart is the organ at the centre of the circulatory
system. It pumps blood around the body.

 The inside of the heart is divided into two sections so
that the two types of blood (oxygen-rich and oxygen-
poor) are kept apart
Right side Left side

of the heart of the heart
Oxygen-poor Oxygen-rich
blood blood

 Heart coverings
🞑 Pericardium
 Coversthe heart and large blood vessels attached to
the heart
 Visceral pericardium
 Innermost layer
 Directly on the heart
 Parietal pericardium
 Layer on top of the visceral pericardium
 Pericardium
🞑 Protective sac of
connective tissue
🞑 Surrounds the
heart
🞑 Filled with fluid

 Heart walls:
🞑 Epicardium
 Outermost
layer
 Fat to
cushion
heart
🞑
Myocardium
 Middle
layer
 Primarily
cardiac
muscle
🞑
 Myocardium
🞑 The muscle of the
heart
🞑 Strong and thick
🞑 Composed of spontaneously
contracting cardiac muscle
fibers
🞑 Can conduct electricity

like nerves.
🞑 It’s blood supply comes

from the coronary arteries.

 The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a
septum, or wall.
 The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and
oxygen poor blood.
 On each side of the septum are two chambers.
 The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium.
 The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the
ventricle.

 Four chambers
🞑 Two Atria 🞑 Two Ventricles
 Upper chambers  Lower chambers
 Left and right  Left and right
 Separated by interatrial  Separated by interventricular
septum septum
Right Atrium Left Atrium
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 The chambers of the heart have different functions:
blood to blood to
the lungs the body
blood from blood from

the body the lungs
The ventricles
The Atria
pump blood out
collect blood
of the heart.
that enters the
heart.
 The valves between the atria and ventricles are connected to the
inner walls of the heart by tough tendons.
valve open
 The tendons allow the valves to close and hold the valve
flaps in place. They prevent the valves from flipping up
and turning inside out
valve open valve closed

 A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.
 If the door is held by someone at a fixed point, only the arm

moves as the door opens and closes.
 When the door is closed the arm is fully extended, so the
door can only be opened in one direction.
 A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.
 In the heart, the tendons holding the valve are like the
arm holding the door.
 One end of each tendon is fixed to the wall of the heart and
so the valve can only open in one direction.
 The heart can pump blood because it is made of muscle.
Muscle tissue works by contracting (squeezing) and
relaxing.

 All the parts of the heart on
either side, work together in a
repeated sequence.
 The two atria contract and
relax; then the two ventricles
contract and relax.
 This is how blood moves
through the heart and is
pumped to the lungs and the
body.
 One complete sequence of
contraction and relaxation is
called a heartbeat.
 As blood moves through the
circulatory system it moves
through 3 types of blood
vessels:
🞑 Arteries: Carry blood
away from the heart .
🞑 Capillaries: Link arterioles
to veins.
🞑 Veins: Carry blood towards
the heart

Arteries
 Large vessels
 Carry blood from heart to tissues of body.
 Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary
arteries.
 Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart
pushes blood into them.
Capillaries
 Smallest blood vessels
 Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
 Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues
and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.
 Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it
must be returned to the heart. Done by veins
 Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.
 Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood
flowing toward heart.
 Many found near skeletal muscles. When
muscles contract, blood is forced through veins.

 The heart produces pressure
 The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is

known as blood pressure.
 Blood pressure decreases as the heart relaxes,

but the rest of the circulatory system is still
under pressure.

 When blood pressure is taken, the cuff is wrapped
around the upper portion of the arm and pumped with
air until blood flow in the artery is blocked.
 As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are

recorded.
🞑 Systolic pressure- the first number taken, is the force felt in
the arteries when the ventricles contract.
🞑 Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of

the blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax.

Bloo
dWhat percent of your body is blood?
 8%
 How much blood do we contain?
🞑 On average 4-6 liters
🞑 We contain about a pint of
blood for every 15 pounds
of body weight
 Composition of Blood:
🞑 What percent of your
blood is
cellular? 45%
🞑 What percent of your blood
is plasma? 55%

Bloo
dComposed of plasma and blood cells

 Types of Cells are:

🞑 Red Blood Cells
🞑 White Blood Cells
🞑 Platelets
 Plasma
🞑 Straw colored
🞑 90% water
🞑 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients,

enzymes, hormones, wastes, and proteins.
Bloo
dPlasma proteins

🞑 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

🞑 Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty
acids, hormones and vitamins.
🞑 Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot
 Red Blood Cells

🞑 Most numerous type
🞑 Transport oxygen
🞑 Get color from hemoglobin
🞑 Disk shaped
🞑 Made in red bone marrow
🞑 Circulate for 120 days
Bloo
dWhite Blood Cells
🞑 Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
🞑 Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
🞑 Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens
and remember them
 Platelets
🞑 Aid the body in clotting
🞑 Small fragments
🞑 Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting
factor to help form clot.

Bloo
d Red Blood Blood has 3 main
Cells
Functions
🞑 Transport
🞑 Protection
🞑 Temperature
White Blood
Cells Regulation
Plasma
Platelets

The Circulatory System - Week 3

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T he CIrculator

 It transports nutrients, water, and

 It is an amazing highway that travels

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

Oxygen is the gas needed for respiration and is

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

Right side Left side

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

🞑 Can conduct electricity

🞑 It’s blood supply comes

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

Right Atrium Left Atrium

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

blood from blood from

valve open valve closed

 If the door is held by someone at a fixed point, only the arm

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

 The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is

 Blood pressure decreases as the heart relaxes,

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

 As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are

🞑 Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

 Types of Cells are:

🞑 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients,

🞑 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

 Red Blood Cells

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved

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