Review of Vascular System

& Blood Components

Dr. Sadaf Inayat,

Resident Haematology,
Shaikh Zayed Hospital,
Lahore.
 The Circulatory System is responsible
for transporting materials throughout
the entire body.

 It transports nutrients, water, and

oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells
produce.

 It is an amazing highway that travels

through your entire body
connecting all your body cells.
 Components
 Heart
 Blood
Blood
 Vessels
Heart
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

Veins Arteries

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  Which gases are transported to and from the body’s
cells by the blood flowing in the circulatory system?

carbon
dioxide
oxygen

Oxygen is the gas needed for respiration and is

transported to the body’s cells.
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  The circulatory system carries two types of
blood
Oxygen-rich Oxygen-poor
blood blood
 Blood travelling  Blood travelling
to the body cells away from the body cells
 High oxygen  Low oxygen content
content
 High carbon dioxide content
 Low carbon
dioxide content of the circulatory system means that these
 Arrangement

two types of blood do not mix.

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  The heart is the organ at the centre of the circulatory
system. It pumps blood around the body.

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  The inside of the heart is divided into two sections so
that the two types of blood (oxygen-rich and oxygen-
poor) are kept apart

Right side Left side

of the heart of the heart
Oxygen-poor Oxygen-rich
blood blood

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 Heart coverings
 Pericardium
 Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to
the heart
 Visceral pericardium
 Innermost layer
 Directly on the heart
 Parietal pericardium
 Layer on top of the visceral pericardium
  Pericardium
 Protective sac of
connective tissue
 Surrounds the heart
 Filled with fluid

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  Heart walls:
 Epicardium
 Outermost layer
 Fat to cushion heart

 Myocardium
 Middle layer
 Primarily cardiac muscle

 Endocardium
 Innermost layer
 Thin and smooth
 Stretches as the heart pumps

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  Myocardium
 The muscle of the heart

 Strong and thick

 Composed of spontaneously
contracting cardiac muscle
fibers

 Can conduct electricity like

nerves.

 It’s blood supply comes

from the coronary arteries.

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  The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a
septum, or wall.
 The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and
oxygen poor blood.
 On each side of the septum are two chambers.
 The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium.
 The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the
ventricle.

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  Four chambers
 Two Atria  Two Ventricles
 Upper  Lower chambers
chambers  Left and right
 Left and right  Separated by interventricular
 Separated by septum
interatrial
septum
Right Atrium Left Atrium

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

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  The chambers of the heart have different functions:
blood to blood to
the lungs the
body
blood from blood from
the body the lungs

The ventricles
The Atria
pump blood
collect blood
out of the
that enters the
heart.
heart.
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  As blood moves through the
circulatory system it moves
through 3 types of blood
vessels:
 Arteries: Carry blood away
from the heart .
 Capillaries: Link
arterioles to veins.
 Veins: Carry blood towards
the heart

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 Arteries
 Large vessels
 Carry blood from heart to tissues of body.
 Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary
arteries.
 Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart
pushes blood into them.

Capillaries
 Smallest blood vessels
 Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
 Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues
and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.
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  Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it
must be returned to the heart. Done by veins
 Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.
 Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood
flowing toward heart.
 Many found near skeletal muscles. When
muscles contract, blood is forced through veins.

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© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  The heart produces pressure

 The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is

known as blood pressure.

 Blood pressure decreases as the heart relaxes,

but the rest of the circulatory system is still
under pressure.

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  When blood pressure is taken, the cuff is wrapped
around the upper portion of the arm and pumped with
air until blood flow in the artery is blocked.

 As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are

recorded.
 Systolic pressure- the first number taken, is the force felt in the
arteries when the ventricles contract.

 Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of the

blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax.

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 Bloo

dWhat percent of your body is blood? 8
 How much blood do we contain? %
 On average 4-6 liters
 We contain about a pint of
blood for every 15 pounds
of body weight
 Composition of Blood:
 What percent of your
blood is
cellular? 45%
 What percent of your blood is
plasma? 55%

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 Bloo
dComposed of plasma and blood cells


 Types of Cells are:

 Red Blood Cells
 White Blood Cells
 Platelets
 Plasma
 Straw colored
 90% water
 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes,
hormones, wastes, and proteins.
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 Bloo
dPlasma proteins


 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

 Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty
acids, hormones and vitamins.
 Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot
 Red Blood Cells
 Most numerous type
 Transport oxygen
 Get color from hemoglobin
 Disk shaped
 Made in red bone marrow
 Circulate for 120 days
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 Bloo
 dWhite Blood Cells
 Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
 Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
 Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens
and remember them

 Platelets
 Aid the body in clotting
 Small fragments
 Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting
factor to help form clot.

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 Bloo
d Red Blood Blood has 3
Cells
main Functions
 Transport
 Protection
 Temperature
White Blood
Cells Regulation
Plasma

Platelets

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THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS???