MICROCONTROLLER

BASED
DIRECTIONAL MHO RELAY
Presented by:
Ganesh C
Mohan K M
Yerriswamy A
 INTRODUCTIO
N

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
• Main idea of protection is to remove faults as quickly as possible mean while maintains
the system stability.
• Under abnormal operating conditions protection is necessary for
 Safety of electrical equipments.
 Safety of human personnel.
• Sequence of events in relation with a fault
1. Fault occurrence
2. Sensing of fault
3. Isolation of faulted section
Bus zone Bus zone Bus zone
Unit Generator-Tx zone Line zone
Transformer zone Motor zone
Transformer zone

~
Generato XFMR Bus Line Bus XFMR Bus Moto
r r

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 TYPES OF PROTECTION
• Primary protection

• Backup protection

Classification of relays based on application

1. Under voltage, under current & under power relays
2. Over voltage, over current & over power relays
3. Directional or reverse current relay
4. Differential relay
5. Distance relay

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 Project focus
• Distance relay
1. Impedance relay
2. Mho relay
3. Reactance relay

Mho relay is a distance relay with inherent directional element.

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 MHO RELAY
• It has 3 zones of protections
1. Zone 1: 80-85% of protected line
2. Zone 2(minimum): 120% of protected line Zone
2(maximum): < protected line + 50% of shortest second line
3. Zone 3F: 1.2(protected line + longest second line)
Zone 3R: 20% of protected line

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 TRIPPING TIME

• Zone 1: Instantaneous
• Zone 2: 0.5 sec
• Zone 3: 1 sec

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD
ZERO
CROSSING
DETECTOR
VOLTAGE
INPUT
MICROCONTROLLE CONTACT
R
CURRENT
INPUT
ANALOG TO
DIGITAL
CONVERTER
KEYPAD

Yset<Ymessared*cos()
Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023
 REQUIREMENTS
• ATMEGA 328 MICRO CONTROLLER (Arduino)
• MULTISIM/PROTEUS SIMULATOR
• Current sensor
• Voltage sensor
• ZCD (zero crossing detector)
• Breaker/contactor
• Electrical load

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 Reference
• [1] IEEE Tutorial Course, “Microprocessor Relays and Protection Systems”. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers,INC., 1987
• [2] IEEE Tutorial Course, “Computer Relaying”, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC., 1979.
• [3] V. Gurevich, Electric Relays Principles and Applications, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2006.
• [4] "MiPower Power System Analysis Software Package- User Manual," Power Research and Development Consultants Pvt
Ltd., Bangalore, India.
• [5] Bayindir R., Sagiroglu S., Colak I., An intelligent power factor corrector for power system using artificial neural Networks,
Electric Power Systems Research 79 (2009) 152–160.
• [6] Azcondo F. J., Diaz F. J., Branas C., Casanueva R.,Microcontroller Power Mode Stabilized Power Factor Correction Stage
for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Electronic Ballast, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2007, 845-853.
• [7] Sagiroglu S., Colak I., Bayindir R., Power factor correction technique based on artificial neural Networks, Energy
Conversion and Management 47 (2006), 3204–3215.

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 THANK YOU

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023

 Time schedule

• Selection of • Hardware • Simulation and • Hardware

15th Feb

7th Mar

29th Mar
27th Jan

Project building and designing of building and

• Simulating and testing of ZCD Voltage and testing Relay
Designing of • Programming of current
Power factor measurement of measurement
measurement Power angle • Programming for
measurement and
ADC

Electrical Department PES University 09/11/2023