Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

Design of Smart Sensor for Electrical

Measurement Laboratory of MMMUT,
CST,Gorakhpur
UP Project ID : 607

Project Mentor Presented by:

Dr. Shekhar Yadav Abhishek Singh Chauhan (2019031010)
Siddhant Srivastava (2019031136)
Assistant Professor Tarandeep Singh (2019031147)
Electrical Engineering Department Shobhit Katiyar (2019031127)

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CONTENT
• Objective
• Introduction
• Components Required
• Arduino
• Relay Module
• PIR Sensor
• Circuit Diagram
• Working
• Conclusion
• References

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OBJECTIVE

To Design Smart Sensor for Electrical Measurement Laboratory of MMMUT,

Gorakhpur

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Introduction

 Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing

nowadays. In our homes, schools, colleges, or industry we see that
fans/lights are kept ON even if there is nobody in the room. This
happens due to negligence of forgetting to turn the lights off or when
we are in a hurry. To minimize the wastage of electricity, we have
created a smart sensor which turns on lights when it detects human
motion and turns off the lights when no one is present.
 This project presents a possible solution where the appliances are
automatically turned off when no one is in the room and can minimize
the electricity wastage.

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Components and Modules Required

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1. Hardware 2. Software
• Arduino UNO • Arduino IDE
• Relay Module
• PIR Sensor
• Breadboard
• Wires
• AC/DC Adapter

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Arduino UNO
• Arduino is a micro-controller
• It can be programmed to control the way buttons, motors,
switches, lights, and other electronic parts work together.
• Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P
• Arduino UNO is a Single Micro-controller board.
• The name of this Micro Controller is ATmega328p which is a
product of Atmel.
• 32 - represents it’s flash memory capacity that is 32KB.
• 8 - represents it’s CPU type that is of 8 bit.
• p - simply denotes that it needs less power to work than it
earlier version.

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Features and Specification of Arduino UNO

• It has an operating voltage of 5V while the input voltage may vary from
7V to 12V.
• Arduino UNO has a maximum current rating of 40mA
• The software used for writing, compiling & uploading code to Arduino
boards is called Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
• Arduino UNO comes with 3 types of memories associated with it, named:
• Flash Memory: 32KB
• SRAM: 2KB
• EEPROM: 1KB

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• Arduino Uno Pinout consists of 14 digital

pins starting from D0 to D13.

• It also has 6 analog pins starting from A0

to A5

• It also has 1 Reset Pin, which is used to

reset the board programmatically.

• It also has 6 Power Pins, which provide

different voltage levels.

• Out of 14 digital pins, 6 pins are used for

generating PWM pulses of 8-Bit resolution

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Relay Module

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• Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical

component that functions as a switch

• A relay module is an electrical switch that is

operated by an electromagnet.

• The electromagnet is activated by a separate

low-power signal from a micro controller.

• When activated, the electromagnet pulls to

either open or close an electrical circuit.

• The relay module input voltage is usually DC.

However, the electrical load that a relay will
control can be either AC or DC.

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The features of the 5V relay are:

• Normal Voltage is 5V DC

• Normal Current is 70mA

• AC load current Max is 10A at 250VAC or 125V AC

• DC load current Max is 10A at 30V DC or 28V DC

• It includes 5-pins

• Operating time is 10msec

• Release time is 5msec

• Maximum switching is 300 operating per minute

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Passive Infrared Sensor

• PIR (passive infrared) sensors utilize the detection of infrared that is radiated from all
objects that emit heat. This type of emission is not visible to the human eye, but
sensors that operate using infrared wavelengths can detect such activity.
• It works on the principle that whenever it detects a change in infrared radiation, it
generates a digital output signal
• It consists of a Fresnel lens and a pyroelectric material.

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CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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Relay Module Connection:

VCC is connected with 5V pin of Arduino.

GND is connected with GND of Arduino.

Relay digital pin is connected with Arduino

digital pin 4.

Similarly second relay’s In pin is connected to

digital pin 7.

PIR Module Connection

Vcc of PIR is connected to the 5v pin of Arduino

GND is connected to the GND of Arduino

Digital pin of PIR is connected to digital pin 2 of

Arduino.

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WORKING

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• PIR sensors detect movement by sensing

infrared radiation emitted by objects within
their range.
• When motion is detected, the PIR sensor sends
a digital HIGH signal to the Arduino board,
which reads the signal and determines that
motion has been detected.
• The Arduino board controls the relay pins,
turning them on by setting them to LOW when
motion is detected, and turning them off by
setting them to HIGH when no motion is
detected.
• The relay pins then send a signal to the
connected lights, turning them on or off
accordingly.

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How this project helps in countering the problem?

• With an approximate cost of Rs. 850, this smart sensor is
a promising equipment to curb the electricity wastage
due to negligence.

• Due to its easy-to-install feature, it can be installed

anywhere and can be connected to light or fan that will
turn on/off based on the presence of person in room.

• This smart sensor can also be installed in corridors and

bathrooms of buildings where there is more wastage of
electricity, which in turn will save a lot of electricity and
revenue.
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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this project is a solution to the problem of

electricity wastage in homes, schools, colleges, and industries.
By using PIR sensor and an Arduino, the system detects
Infrared from the human body and automatically turns on or
off the light and fan. With this project, we can make a positive
impact on the environment by reducing electricity waste and
promoting energy efficiency.

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REFERENCES:
[1] Cheng-Hung Tsai, Ying-Wen Bai, Chun-An Chu, Chih-Yu Chung
and Ming-Bo Lin, "PIR-sensor-based Lighting Device with Ultra-
IowStandby Power Consumption", IEEE Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2011.

[2] R Harikrishnan, P Sivagami, “Intelligent Power Saving System

using PIR Sensors”, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
April 2017

[3] Prof. Vikram M. Kakade, “Home Automation using PIR Sensor”,

International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 5,
Issue 1, 2017

[4] P. Rajakumar, Barath C. Kanna, R. Archana, A. Akshaya, K

Abhinaya, M. Boobalan, “Automation of Room Lighting System Using
Arduino and PIR Sensor”, IEEE, December 2022

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THANK YOU

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