MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER?
•Matter is any physical
substance that possess mass
and occupies space.
•These are the critical
characteristics of matter
and what sets it apart from
other fundamentals of
science such as energy.
MASS
•Mass is the amount of
matter in an object. An
object may contain
more matter than
another. WEIGHING SCALE
MASS VS. WEIGHT
Mass refers to the amount of
matter an object has. Weight
refers to the amount of the
Earth’s gravitational pull on
that object.
VOLUME
•Volume is the amount of
space an object occupies.
It can be described as big
or small. Volume is
measured in terms of
liters or cubic meters m 3 MEASURING CUPS
 WHAT MAKES UP MATTER?
These fundamental properties of matter are direct
consequences of another fundamental characteristics of
matter, as described by Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter.
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2. All particles of one substance are the same.
3. Different pure substance are made of different
particles.
4. Particles are always moving.
5. There are attractive forces between particles.
SOLID LIQUID GAS
 PHASES OF MATTER
1.Solids
2.Liquids
3.Gas
4.Plasma
5.Bose-Einstein Condensate
SOLIDS
•Are made of densely-
packed particles of
matter. The particles are
very close to each other,
which makes the
attractive forces between
them strong.
LIQUIDS
•Made of particles that are
not as dense and packed
as that of solids. However,
the particles are still quite
close to each other, and
still exert attractive
forces.
GASES
•Are state of matter
that exists when
the distance
between the
particles is very
high.
PLASMA
•Is a state of matter not
commonly found here on
Earth but is relatively
abundant everywhere else in
the universe.
WILLIAM CROOKES
In 1879, he observed how gas
particles behave under high
temperatures. The gas
particles tend to look like
glowing jelly at high
temperatures, hence its name,
plasma, a Greek word that
describes a creature-like form.
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
• In contrast with plasma, these are produced when matter is
cooled to extremely low temperatures.
• Bose-Einstein condensates were first predicted theoretically
by Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), an Indian physicist
who also discovered the subatomic particle named for him,
the boson. Bose was working on statistical problems in
quantum mechanics and sent his ideas to Albert Einstein.
Einstein thought them important enough to get them
published. As importantly, Einstein saw that Bose's
mathematics — later known as Bose-Einstein statistics —
could be applied to atoms as well as light.
HOW DOES MATTER
CHANGE FROM ONE
PHASE TO
ANOTHER?
MELTING
Melting is one kind of
physical change. It
involves the conversion of
a solid to liquid. When
heat is added, the solid
particles acquire energy
and will have more
freedom to move.
 When particles have more
freedom to move, solid may
turn to liquid. The
temperature at which this
change of state occurs is
called the melting point.
FREEZING
Freezing is the process
when a liquid turns into
solid. When liquids freeze,
their particles cool down
until they reach the
freezing point., the
temperature where the
particles lose energy.
VAPORIZATION (BOILING)
It is the conversion of a
liquid into gas. The
particles of liquid
transfer energy to reach
when other they collide .
Heating increases the
energy of each particle.
 The temperature at which a
liquid boils or turns into gas is
called the boiling point. When
water is heated until it reaches
100°C, the liquid turns to steam
or water vapor, its gaseous state.
CONDENSATION
Condensation involves
the cooling of gas
particles, which slows
down their speed. The
gas particles also moves
closer to one another
when they cool.
SUBLIMATION
Sublimation happens when
solid are converted to gasses
directly without having to go
through the liquid state.
Sublimation occurs when the
energy of the particles in a
solid are much higher than
atmospheric pressure.
DEPOSITION
Deposition happens when the gas
transforms directly into a solid
without having to go through the
liquid state. This occurs when the
temperature of gas is lower than the
freezing point. For example, frost
outlines the surface of vegetables
growing in the highlands during cold
season, even if the vegetables are dry.
Ice deposits directly from the water
vapor surrounding the leaves.