Module 1: Simple Stress

Adopted by: Engr. RPVelasco

Objectives:
You should be able to…
 BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

M e c h a n ic s

R ig id B o d ie s D efo rm a b le B od ies F lu id s
(Th in g s th a t d o n ot c h a n g e s h a p e ) (Th in g s th a t d o c h an g e s h ap e )

S ta tic s D yn a m ic s In c om p res s ib le C om p re s s ib le

• Only the external • Internal effects of the forces on

effects of the forces the body will be considered
acting on the body are • Deformations will be of great
considered importance
• The bodies are
assumed to be perfectly
rigid
P – normal force or axial force
• the component of the resultant
force that is perpendicular to the
cross section
• Tends to elongate or shorten the
bar
V – shear force
• the component of the resultant
force lying in the plane of the
cross section
• Tends to shear (slide) one segment
of the bar relative to the other
segment
 SIMPLE STRESS

Stress is known as the intensity of load

per unit area

Stress is also a measure of the unit

strength of the material
TYPES OF SIMPLE STRESS

1. Normal Stress

2. Shearing Stress

3. Bearing Stress
Normal Stress
• The resisting
area is
perpendicular to
the applied
force, thus
normal
 TYPES OF NORMAL STRESS

1. Tensile Stress

2. Compressive Stress
The normal stress acting
at any point on a cross-
section is given by the
equation

where:
σ – normal stress
P – axial force
A – cross sectional
area
The normal stress acting
at any point on a cross-
section is given by the
equation
• Although it is relatively easy to use the
equation , determining the load P is
usually a challenge.

• As you begin your study of Mechanics of

Materials, I suggest that you review your
understanding of equilibrium analysis
focusing upon:
 the construction of FBD’s
 the number of independent equilibrium equations
that are available for various force systems
 the writing and solving of equilibrium equations
Stress in a Cylindrical Tube
1. Solid 2. Hollow
D is the outside diameter
d is the inside diameter
1. A steel cylindrical tube with
a diameter of 100 mm is
carrying a tensile load of
1000 N. What is the stress in
the tube?
2. A hollow steel tube with an
inside diameter of 100 mm must
carry a tensile load of 400 kN.
Determine the outside diameter of
the tube if the stress is limited to
120 MN/m2.
3. A homogeneous bar AB is supported at either end
by a cable as shown in figure . The mass of the bar is
800 kg. Determine the cross sectional area of the
bronze and steel if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa
in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.
 Stress in a Compound Bars
The compound bar consists of strips of dissimilar
metals bonded together, and can be used to
demonstrate unequal expansion in different metals on
heating.
Solution:

1. Apply the Methods of Section. Divide the compound bars

into section.
2. Make assumption of force. (Compression or Tension)
3. Apply Conditions of Equilibrium.
1. The compound bar ABCD consists of three
segments, each of a different material with
different dimensions. Compute the stress in
each segment when the axial loads are
applied.
Stress in segment BC:
𝑃 𝐵𝐶
𝜎 𝐵𝐶 =
PBC 𝐴 𝐵𝐶

10 𝑥 103 𝑁
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 𝜎 𝐵𝐶 =
2000 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑃 𝐵𝐶 =10 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶 )
𝝈 𝑩𝑪 =𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂( 𝑪)
Stress in segment AB:
𝑃 𝐴𝐵
𝜎 𝐴𝐵=
PAB 𝐴 𝐴𝐵

40 𝑥 103 𝑁
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 𝜎 𝐴𝐵=
1400 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑃 𝐴𝐵 =40 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶 )
𝝈 𝑨𝑩 =𝟐𝟖 .𝟓𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂( 𝑪)
Stress in segment CD:
𝑃 𝐶𝐷
PCD 𝜎 𝐶𝐷=
𝐴𝐶𝐷

20 𝑥 10 3 𝑁
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 𝜎 𝐶𝐷=
1600 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑃 𝐶𝐷 =20 𝑘𝑁 ( 𝑇 )
𝝈 𝑨𝑩 =𝟏𝟐 .𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 (𝑻 )
1. Aluminum rod is rigidly attached
between steel and bronze rods as
shown. Axial loads are applied to
the positions indicated. Find the
maximum value of P that will not
exceed a stress in steel of
140MPa, in aluminum of 190
MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.