1

6
 Read fractions and
LESSON
CONTENTS
describe fractions as
parts of a whole
EXERCISE

SUMMARY Represent a fraction

with a diagram
VIDEO

Write a fraction for

a given diagram
Determine the position
of a fraction on a
number line

*Please click on the red button.

 Read fractions

A fraction is a part of a
whole.

Read as:
1
• One quarter or one over four. 
4
Fraction Description Read as

2 Two out of three parts Two thirds or two over

3 three
1 One out of two parts One half or one over
2 two
3 Three out of four parts Three quarters or three
4 over four
3 Three out of five parts Three over five
5
3 Three out of eight parts Three over eight
8
7 Seven out of twelve Seven or twelve
12 parts
19 Nineteen out of twenty Nineteen over twenty
26 six parts six
To represent a fraction with a diagram

Fraction Diagram

3 The shaded area represents

3 parts out of 4 equal parts
4 of the whole object.

The shaded area represents

2 2 parts out of 6 equal parts
6 of the whole object.

4 The shaded area represents

4 parts out of 9 equal parts
9 of the whole object.
 To write a fraction for a given diagram

Diagram Fraction (the shaded part)

2
5

3
8
7
13
To determine the position of a fraction on a number line

A fraction can be shown on a number

line.
For example:
a)

1 2 3 4 1
0
5 5 5 5

b)
1 2 3 4 6 1
0 x
7 7 7 7 7

What is the fraction shown by x?

The fraction shown by x is 5
7
 LESSON
CONTENTS

EXERCISE Exercise 3.1

SUMMARY

VIDEO

*Please click on the red button.

1. Write the following in words:

4
a) a) Four over seven
7
11 b) Eleven over twelve
b)
12
31 c) Thirty one over
c)
72 seventy two

d) 29
d) Twenty nine over fifty
56
six
1. Write the fractions to represent the shaded area
in each of the following diagrams:

4
a) a) 8
2
b) 4
b) 1
c)
2

c)
• A fraction is a number that
represents a part of a whole.
2
3
• Fractions can be represented
on a number line.
1 2 3 4 1
0
5 5 5 5
 VIDEO Find equivalent
LESSON
fractions for a given
CONTENTS fractions
EXERCISE Determine whether two given
SUMMARY fractions are equivalent

Compare the values of

two given fractions

Arrange fractions in
order
Simplify fractions
to the lowest terms

*Please click on the red button.

To find equivalent fractions for a given fraction

1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8

Equivalent fractions
are fractions of the Fractions of shaded area
same value. is 4
8
For example, fractions
4 1
8 2 1
and are both 2
same value.
Fractions of shaded area
4 1 is 1
=
8 2 2
Find two fractions
that are equivalent
1 1
to 4 . 4

The shaded
area are the 2 4
8
same size. 16

Thus, 1 2 4
 
4 8 16
To determine whether two given fractions are equivalent

Determine whether or
and 2 are 6
3 9
equivalent.

2 6 2 23 6 63
Therefore, 3 and 9  
3 3 3 9 93
are equivalent.
6 2
 
9 3
How much is RED?

1 3
2 = 6

Equivalent fractions
How much is BLUE ?

2 8
4 = 16

Equivalent fractions
To compare the values of two given fractions

The value of two given fractions

can be compared.

1) Make the two denominators

equal.

2) Compare the numerators.

 2 2 2 4
2 3  
Compare
7
with
14
.
7 7  2 14
Therefore,

2 3 3 2
 or 
> = greater than 7 14 14 7
< = less than
To arrange fractions in order

Fractions can be
arranged in order
5 3 1
on a number line. , and
Arrange 8 8 4
in increasing order
on a number line
(from the smallest to
the largest).
 1 1 2 2
 
4 4 2 8

1 3 5 1
0
4 8 8

Thus,
2 3 5
 
8 8 8
To simplify fractions to the lowest terms.

12
Simplify the fraction 30 to its lowest terms.

12 12  6 2
 
30 30  6 5
12 2
Therefore, the lowest terms of 30 is 5 .
 VIDEO

LESSON Exercise 3.2

CONTENTS

EXERCISE

SUMMARY

*Please click on the red button.

1. Which one of the two given fractions is
bigger?

6 3 6
a) , a)
7 7 7
5 2 b) 2
b) ,
9 3 3
c) 3
c)
3 1
, 5
5 2
d) 2
d) 5 , 2 3
8 3
2. Find the lowest terms for the following
fractions:

12 2
a) a)
30 5
63 b) 7
b)
81 9
c) 2
c)
48
3
72
d) 15
d) 60
32
128
Just for
fun!
Equivalent fractions are
fractions of the same value.
1 2 3
 
2 4 6
 VIDEO
Recognise mixed
LESSON
CONTENTS numbers
EXERCISE
Represent mixed
SUMMARY
numbers with
diagrams
Write mixed numbers
on given diagram
Compare and
arrange mixed
numbers on a
number line
*Please click on the red button.
To recognise mixed numbers

A mixed number contains

a whole number and a
7
fraction.
2
Examples of mixed
1 4 3
13
numbers are 1 , 2 , 3 .
3 5 7 Whole fraction
number
To represent mixed numbers with diagrams

Diagram Mixed number

1
1
2

3
2
4
To write mixed number based on given diagrams

1)

5
The mixed number is 2 .
8
To write mixed number based on given diagrams

2)

3
The mixed number is 1 .
4
To write mixed number based on given diagrams

3)

7
The mixed number is 2 .
10
To compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line

A mixed number
can be shown on
a number line.
Activity
Lets do it
together!
 VIDEO

LESSON
CONTENTS

EXERCISE Exercise 3.3

SUMMARY

*Please click on the red button.

1. Write the mixed number which represents the
shaded parts of each diagram below:

a)
1
a) 2 2
b) 2
b) 1
5
c) 1 3
4
c)
Just for
fun!
A mixed number is a number
which consists of a whole number
and a fraction.
1 4
2 ,3
2 5
 VIDEO
Recognise proper and
LESSON
CONTENTS improper fractions
EXERCISE
from given fractions
SUMMARY Change mixed numbers
into improper fractions

Change improper fraction

into whole number or
mixed number

*Please click on the red button.

To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

3
A proper fraction is a
1 8
2
fraction with the
numerator less than
3 5
the denominator. 11
2
27
15
To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

57
An improper fraction 27 7
is a fraction with the 31
numerator equal to or 25 6
greater than the
denominator.
2 5
2 3
To change mixed numbers into improper fractions

Follow these steps:

a) Multiply the whole

A mixed number can number by the
be changed into an denominator.
improper fraction.
b) Add the product (a)
to the numerator.

c) Retain the
denominator.
1. Change the whole numbers 8
into improper fractions. 8
Use the denominator in the 1
bracket.
8 2
8 (denominator 2) 
1 2
16

2
 1
2. Change 6 3 into an
improper fraction. 1 6  3  1
6 
3 3
18  1

3
19

3
To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number

20
1. Change 4 into a whole
number. 20
5
4

Since 20 is divisible
by 4, then the
fraction is a whole
number.
To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number

17
2. Change 8 into a
mixed number. 17 1
2
8 8
 VIDEO

LESSON
CONTENTS

EXERCISE Exercise 3.4

SUMMARY

*Please click on the red button.

1. Change the following mixed numbers
into improper fraction.

7 25
a) 2 a)
9 9
1 b) 22
b) 7
3 3
c) 71
c) 3
11
20
20
d) 81
d) 20 1 4
4
Just for
fun!
• A proper fraction is a
fraction with the 1 3
,
numerator less than the 2 4
denominator.
• An improper fraction is a
fraction with the numerator 5 58
,
equal to or more than the 8 27
denominator.